macOS是由苹果公司开发的专有操作系统，主要用于Macintosh（Mac）系列计算机。它是首个在商用领域成功的图形用户界面（GUI）操作系统，自诞生以来便以其出色的用户体验和强大的功能赢得了广泛赞誉。macOS以其直观的图标、桌面和应用程序设计而闻名，为用户提供了稳定、安全且易于使用的操作环境。
macOS系统的发展经历了多个阶段，从最初的Mac OS到后来的OS X，再到现在的macOS，每一次更新都带来了显著的性能提升和新功能。
macOS系统以其独特的用户界面、稳定和安全、生态系统的完整性、丰富的应用程序以及优秀的用户体验而著称。
独特的用户界面
稳定和安全
生态系统的完整性
丰富的应用程序
优秀的用户体验
macOS系统包含了众多实用的功能，这些功能使得用户在使用Mac计算机时能够更加方便和高效。
Spotlight搜索
多任务处理
通知中心
iCloud云同步
AirDrop无线传输
Gatekeeper安全机制
Handoff接力功能
Siri智能助手
触控板手势操作
屏幕共享和远程管理
为了确保macOS系统的稳定性和安全性，苹果公司会定期发布系统更新。这些更新通常包含新的功能、性能改进以及安全修复。
系统更新
软件维护
macOS系统与其他操作系统（如Windows和Linux）相比具有一些独特的特点和优势。
与Windows的比较
与Linux的比较
全球市场
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Introduction to the macOS System
I. Overview of macOS
macOS is a proprietary operating system developed by Apple Inc., primarily used for Macintosh (Mac) computers. It is the first commercially successful Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating system, and since its inception, it has garnered widespread praise for its exceptional user experience and powerful functionality. macOS is renowned for its intuitive icons, desktops, and application designs, providing users with a stable, secure, and easy-to-use operating environment.
II. Development History of macOS
The development of macOS has gone through multiple stages, from the initial Mac OS to OS X and now macOS. Each update has brought significant performance enhancements and new features.
The first version was launched in 1984, accompanying the first Mac computer. The final version of the classic Mac OS series, Mac OS 9, was a 100% graphical operating system without a command-line mode. It used "Extensions" to expand the operating system, but some extensions might not work together or could only be loaded in a specific order. The innovative filesystem stored parameters in the "resource fork" and raw data in the "data fork."
To address the issues of the classic Mac OS, Apple introduced OS X, based on the BSD Unix kernel. OS X brought Unix-style memory management and preemptive multitasking, significantly improving memory management. It allowed for running more software simultaneously and virtually eliminated the possibility of one program crashing causing others to crash. OS X was the first macOS to include a "command-line" mode, which users might never see unless they executed a separate "terminal" program. A compatibility layer named the Classic environment (known to programmers as the "Blue Box") was responsible for running older Mac applications.
In 2016, OS X was renamed macOS, aligning with iOS, tvOS, and watchOS. It has undergone multiple version updates, including macOS High Sierra, macOS Mojave, macOS Catalina, macOS Big Sur, and others. Each update introduced new features and performance improvements, such as dark mode, Safari's translation capabilities, cross-device collaboration, and more.
III. Characteristics of macOS
macOS is renowned for its unique user interface, stability and security, integrated ecosystem, abundant applications, and excellent user experience.
macOS is famous for its intuitive icons, desktops, and application designs. The user interface is simple and clear, enabling users to quickly and easily find and open the required files and applications. It provides a series of elegant and streamlined systems and applications, enabling users to work efficiently.
Due to Apple's tight control over hardware and the operating system, macOS is more stable and secure than other operating systems. It incorporates security features against malware and network threats, employing multi-layered security measures to protect user privacy and data security from hardware to the operating system. macOS is rarely affected by computer viruses because its architecture differs from Windows, making it difficult for viruses to run on macOS.
macOS is tightly integrated with other Apple devices (such as iPhone, iPad, and Apple Watch), forming a complete ecosystem. Users can easily synchronize and share files, applications, and data via iCloud. It allows seamless switching and continuation of operations between Mac and other devices, providing a more convenient cross-device experience.
The Mac App Store offers macOS users a vast selection of diverse applications. These applications cover various fields, meeting the needs of different users. Apple also provides comprehensive developer tools, encouraging developers to create more exciting applications for macOS.
macOS is known for its excellent graphical interface, convenient operation, and smooth performance. It suits both daily office work and professionals' needs. Its stability and security reduce the risk of system crashes and failures, enhancing work efficiency.
IV. Features of macOS
macOS includes numerous practical features that make using Mac computers more convenient and efficient.
Spotlight is a powerful built-in search tool in macOS. Users can quickly find applications, files, photos, emails, contacts, and information on web pages on their Macs through it. Spotlight supports natural language search, allowing users to input search keywords in natural language, and the system will automatically parse and provide relevant search results.
macOS supports multitasking, allowing users to open multiple applications and windows simultaneously. With Mission Control, users can view all currently open windows and desktop spaces and easily switch between them. They can also drag windows to different desktop spaces to better organize and manage tasks.
macOS's Notification Center is an area that centrally displays various notifications and reminders. Users can view notifications from different applications here, such as mail, calendar, messages, etc. Users can also customize notifications to only display important ones and ignore others.
With iCloud, users can synchronize data on their Macs to other Apple devices. This includes documents, photos, contacts, calendars, reminders, etc. Users can seamlessly switch and continue operations between different devices, improving work efficiency and convenience.
AirDrop is a built-in wireless transfer feature in macOS. Users can easily transfer files, photos, etc., to nearby Apple devices through it. AirDrop uses Apple devices' Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies to achieve fast and secure file transfers.
Gatekeeper is a built-in security mechanism in macOS. It helps users prevent running untrusted applications. Users can set the level of Gatekeeper in System Preferences to allow only applications from the Mac App Store to run or allow applications from the Mac App Store and recognized developers to run.
Handoff is a collaboration feature between macOS and other Apple devices. When users start a task on a Mac, they can seamlessly transfer it to an iPhone or iPad to continue. This allows users to freely switch between different devices, improving work efficiency and flexibility.
Siri is Apple's intelligent voice assistant. On macOS, users can interact with Siri via voice to complete various tasks, such as sending messages, finding information, setting reminders, etc. Siri supports natural language processing, enabling users to communicate with it in natural language.
The trackpad on macOS supports various gesture operations, such as clicking, two-finger scrolling, three-finger dragging, etc. These gesture operations make it more convenient for users to control Mac computers, improving work efficiency and convenience.
macOS supports screen sharing, allowing users to share screens with other Mac users and collaborate. It also offers remote management functionality to remotely access and control other Mac computers. These features enable users to easily collaborate and manage across different locations.
V. Updating and Maintaining macOS
To ensure the stability and security of the macOS system, Apple regularly releases system updates. These updates typically include new features, performance improvements, and security fixes.
Users can check for and install the latest macOS system updates through the Mac App Store or the "Software Update" option in System Preferences. Before installing updates, users are advised to back up important data as a precaution. The update process usually takes some time, and users need to wait patiently until it completes.
Besides system updates, users also need to regularly maintain the software on their Mac computers to ensure it runs smoothly. This includes cleaning up unnecessary files, updating applications, checking for disk errors, etc. Users can use macOS's built-in Disk Utility to check and repair disk errors or use third-party cleaning tools to clean up unnecessary files and caches.
VI. Comparison of macOS with Other Operating Systems
Compared to other operating systems (such as Windows and Linux), macOS has some unique features and advantages.
User Interface: macOS has a more intuitive and streamlined user interface, while Windows' user interface is relatively more complex.
Stability and Security: macOS is generally more stable and secure than Windows because Apple has stricter control over hardware and the operating system.
Software Ecosystem: While Windows has more software options, macOS's software ecosystem is also rich and high-quality.
Price: Mac computers are usually more expensive than Windows computers, reflecting their higher quality and performance.
Open Source: Linux is an open-source operating system that users can freely customize and modify. In contrast, macOS is a proprietary operating system whose source code users cannot directly modify.
User Interface: macOS has a more user-friendly and easy-to-use interface, while Linux's user interface is more flexible and customizable.
Software Support: Although Linux has a vast open-source software library, macOS's software ecosystem is more complete and high-quality.
Hardware Compatibility: Linux can run on multiple hardware platforms, while macOS primarily runs on Apple's Mac computers.
VII. Sales of Personal Computers (including Mac)
According to Canalys, in the second quarter of 2024, the global personal computer market grew 3.4% year-on-year with total shipments reaching 62.8 million units. Among them, Apple ranked fourth with shipments of 5.5 million units, accounting for a 9% market share, up 6% from the same period in 2023. This indicates that Apple's personal computers are also growing steadily in the global market.
VIII. Tips for Using macOS
Remember the macOS keyboard shortcuts we introduced in the previous article? I've found some video links to help you become more familiar with your computer.
"26 Useful Shortcuts for Mac Computers! Increase Efficiency by 100%!" - Bilibili, by Adu's Free Channel
"5-Minute Quick Start for Mac Computers, MacBook Beginners' Guide to System and Desktop, macOS Operating System Video Tutorial, Free Professional MacBook Air Pro Beginner's Comprehensive Online Course" - Bilibili, by XianPing_
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