Comic strip ＆ Welcome to the unit
要点精讲 1. Who is going to mop it up if you don’t come with me? 如果你不和我一起回去，谁把地拖干净呢?
mop it up 中 it指地板。当代词it在词组mop…up（动词＋副词）里的时候，位置应在它们中间。如不用代词，名词的位置可以在中间也可以在后面。
如mop the floor up, mop up the floor. hand the book in, hand in the book hand it in
pick the pens up, pick up the pens pick them up
mop up 拖掉 up 表示完全、彻底的意思 Time is up.
He drunk up all the water. 【即时体验】
They mopped the floor just now, but they did not _______. A. mop up it B. mop it up C. mop them up D. mop up them 答案：
在动副结构中，代词放在动词与副词之间，故选B。
2. thousands of 数千
hundreds / millions /billions of tourists
two/ several/a few hundred / thousand/million/ billion children three hundred of the students 【即时体验】
In our city, _______ middle school students want to work as a teacher in the future. A. thousand B. thousand of
C. thousand of D. two thousand of 答案：
Thousand如果没有数词修饰时，必须用复数，且后面应加of构成短语。故选C
3. Then I heard a big noise like thunder. 然后我听到了像雷一样的响声。 thunder 在这里是不可数名词
There is much thunder in summer in this area. Thunder comes after lightning. like像
He looks like his father.
In the dark I saw something like a ball rolling on the ground. In the restaurant I tried something delicious like meat balls. 4. crash into…= knock / run into…撞到…
He crashed his car into the wall./ His car crashed into the wall. She knocked into a tree .
5. People ran wildly as pieces of glass and bricks fell down. 当玻璃碎片和砖块落下来的时候，人们失去控制地乱跑。
wildly是形容词wild的副词形式 wild animals
pieces of glass and bricks 玻璃碎片和砖块 glass在这里是玻璃的意思，是不可数名词 表示材料的名词（不可数）：paper, wood, leather, silk, cotton, metal, gold, etc. 【即时体验】
试着翻译下面的句子
People ran wildly in all directions 答案：人们向四处逃散。.
Reading
要点精讲
I felt a slight shaking through my body. 我感觉到一阵轻微的摇动穿过我的身体。 through与across的区别
·through 指从一个物体的空间穿过，立体的，抽象的 ·across指沿物体的表面通过，平面的，具体的 e.g.：走过雨林
Walk through the rainforest.
It was so cold that the lake was frozen. We had to walk across the ice. 【即时体验】
试着翻译下面的句子 火车穿过隧道。
The train went through the tunnel.
2. People looked at each other in fear. 人们恐惧地看着彼此。
in fear 意为“恐惧的，害怕的”。 in 在这里表示某人或某事的状态或状况，环境。 in surprise 吃惊的 in a hurry 急忙的
in poor health 身体不好
live in peace ＝ live peacefully安详地 I am in good shape. 健康情况良好
People ran in all directions. 人们朝四面八方跑去。 in在这里表示按某种形式或方式进行。 I like to put everything in order. 整齐
work in pairs/groups（of）four/ 俩人/四人一组合作 fly in groups成群的飞 sit in a circle围坐成一圈 in ----more use:
The kid was lost（lost his way）in the dark. She is bathing herself in the sun. in the century/2008/October lie in bed/ in hospital
in uniform/ in furs/ in glasses speak in English
in spring/summer/autumn/winter be weak in …/ in length/ in height
3. calm down 冷/平静下来
The sea calmed down after the storm. calm adj.镇静的
Keep calm in the face of danger. 【即时体验】
The crying child soon ________.
A. calm down B. calmed over C. calmed down D. calmed off 答案：
根据句意“那位哭闹的小孩很快就安静下来”，固定短语“平静下来”，且根据时态，故C 4. in all directions = in every direction 向四面八方 in the opposite direction in the direction of …
5. Some children screamed because they were very frightened. 一些孩子因为害怕而尖叫。
一般来讲be动词可以和一些以-ed结尾的表语形容词连用，表示某人的心情、感受 eg. be worried, be pleased, be surprised, be excited; be disappointed;
也可以作定语，修饰名词
excited shouts surprised expression
Vocabulary
要点精讲 1.in a hurry 匆忙地
He went away in a great hurry. hurry v. 匆忙
Hurry up, or you will be late. We hurried into the office . hurry off/ away
2. drop v.掉落
Be careful not to drop the glass.
He dropped to the ground and was badly hurt. n. a drop of water 一滴水 【即时体验】
Don’t ________ your waste paper about to the ground. A. put B. drop C. give D. make 答案：
根据句意“别把你的废纸往地上乱扔”，可判定用动词drop，故选B. 3. excuse n. 借口
He is always making excuses for being late. excuse v.原谅，宽恕
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the museum?
4． I could not see at all. not … at all 根本不
He was so nervous that he couldn’t calm down at all. 【即时体验】
试着翻译这个句子I don’t like the city at all. 答案：我一点也不喜欢这个城市。 5. He asked Millie to turn off the lights.
He told us to walk out of the classroom one by one.
He advised me not to forget to lock the door.
He warned us not to run down the stairs.
He told Daniel not to ride his bicycle.
Grammar
要点精讲 过去进行时（Past continuous tense）
I. 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
II. 用法
Usage 1
过去进行时常表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，而这一特定的时间一般用时间状语来表示，或通过上下文提示。
1. --昨天这个时候他们在做什么? ---他们正在准备功课。 -What were they doing this time yesterday? - They were preparing lesson.
2. 老师进来时，我正和好朋友谈话。
I was talking with my good friend when the teacher came in. 3. 那时他在干什么？看电视。
--What was he doing at that time? --He was watching TV. 4. 对不起，你刚才说什么？我没有听你讲。
Sorry, what did you say just now? I wasn’t listening to you. 5. 你打电话时，我在吃饭。 I was eating when you called.
6. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
常用时间状语：
1. at that time/ moment yesterday（last night/ Sunday…）, 2. （at）this time yesterday（last night/ Sunday/ week…）, 3. at＋点钟＋yesterday（last night/ Sunday…）,
4. from点钟 to点钟 yesterday（last night/ Sunday…）, 5. the whole morning, all day yesterday 6. while\\when 引导的状语从句
e. g. What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ 【即时体验】
Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C。割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
Usage 2
表示在过去某一段时间一直在进行的动作。 1. 整个晚上他都在写文章。
He was writing the article the whole night. 2. 在那些岁月里我们过着艰难的日子。 We were having a hard time in those years. 3. 妈妈做饭时我在画一匹马。
I was drawing a horse while Mum was doing cooking.
Usage 3
有些动词如arrive，come，go，start，leave等带有位置移动意思的动词，过去进行时可以表示按计划、安排过去将来即将发生的动作。即这些动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：
I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。 She was coming later. 她随后就来。
He said that he was coming to see us in 2 days. 他说准备过两天就来看我们。
When were they leaving for Hong Kong? 他们什么时候动身去香港？
III. 构成
过去进行时是由“be动词的过去式was/were＋现在分词”构成。Be（was /were）＋v. -ing 1. 过去进行时的肯定句型 肯定句 （positive sentence） I You/We/They He/ She/It
2. 过去进行时的否定句型 否定句 （negative sentence） I You/We/They He/ She/It 3. 过去进行时的疑问句型 Was Were Was Positive Answers I Yes, Negative Answers I No, you/we/they he/ she/it wasn’t. weren’t. wasn’t. you/we/they he/ she/it was. were. was. I you/we/they he/ she/it dancing was/ were＋not was not were not was not dancing v-ing was/ were＋ was were was dancing v-ing
IV. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：
1. 一般过去时常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去的习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now，a moment ago，yesterday，last week（month，year），the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如：
I was sixteen years old last year. 我去年16岁。
He worked in a factory in 1986. 他1986年在一家工厂工作。
I met her in the street the day before yesterday. 前天我在街上遇见了她。
He often swam in the river when he was young. 他小时候常在河里游泳。
2. 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment，（at）this time yesterday（last night/Sunday/week…），at＋点钟＋yesterday（last night / Sunday…），when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。
What were you doing at seven p. m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。 I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。
3. 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如：
I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher. 你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。 注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如： She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了） She was writing a letter to her friend last night.
她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完） 4. 下面几种情况不用一般过去时，而要用过去进行时： （1）表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如： Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。
（2）与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如： John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。
Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。
（3）用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.
那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。
（4）when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：
I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。
V. 过去进行时注意点
1. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续性的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续性的） He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）
2. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree，be，believe，belong，care，forget，
hate，have（拥有），hear，know，like，love，mean，mind，notice，own，remember，seem，suppose，understand，want，wish等。 【即时体验】 改错：
1：I was knowing the answer. 我知道答案。
2：I wasn’t understanding him. 我不明白他的意思。
答案：1. 正：I knew the answer.
2. 正：I didn’t understand him.
VI. while and when 引导的状语从句
1. when 和while引导的状语从句中，强调某个动作正在进行的过程中时要用进行时态，while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：
When/While we were having supper, the light went out. 我们正在吃饭时灯熄灭了。
2. when 用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句的动作在发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如： 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
I was walking in the street when someone called me. 她进来时，我正在读一本小说。 【即时体验】
The reporter said that the UFO _________ east to west when he saw it. A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel 答案：A
3. While 引导的从句：表示“当……过程”中，强调某一段时间内两动作同时发生。 （1）我做功课，而我弟弟在玩游戏。
I was doing my homework while my brother was playing games. （2）当我妈妈做饭时，我在看书。
While my mum was cooking, I was reading.
（3）When I saw him, he was decorating his room.
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。（when从句表示时间点）
Integrated skills ＆ Study skill
要点精讲 1. because, as, since 引导的原因状语从句
because常表示直接的原因，可用于回答why问句； Why was he late for class? Because he got up late. As it was too late at night, all the shops were closed. Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
2. 用动词不定式转述别人的命令，请求，建议等， 常与order, tell, ask, warn, advise等连
用。
“Put on the coat, Simon” said Mr. Wu. Mr. Wu told Simon to put on the coat.
“Don’t play on the street, ” The policeman warned us. The policeman warned us not to play on the street. 【即时体验】
Jack likes to _______ others but never writes to them. A. hear B. hear of C. hear about D. hear from 答案：hear of 听说了解
hear about 听说，得知
hear from 收到某人的来信。 由句意可知，选D
3.I calmed down and asked myself, “Did I really survive?” 我镇定下来自问“我真的活下来了吗？” 4.calm
（1）adj.（天气、海洋等）静的，平静的，镇静的，沉着的 The sea was calm. a calm afternoon
Stay calm/ Keep calm.
（2）vt.（使）平静，（使）镇定，平息 Calm yourself, please.
The excited woman was shouting wildly and I couldn’t calm her. （3）vi. 平静下来
The crying child soon calmed down. （4）n. 镇定
After the earthquake, everything comes a calm. adv. calmly
calmed down 平静下来 与down有关的短语 come down write down fall down turn down
go down 灯/火熄灭，价格下跌，太阳等下落，船等下沉
survive ①vt. “幸存，经历……幸存” survive the earthquake
②vi. “幸存，生还” A few people survived in Wenchuan earthquake.
5. “I am trapped. ” I said to myself. “我被困住了。”我心里想。 be trapped 被困住
He was trapped on the island on his own. say to oneself 心里想 talk to oneself 自言自语 【即时体验】
They ______ in the car before the police came. A. was trapped B. are trapped
C. were trapped D. is trapped
答案：
根据句意及时态用“be trapped” 意为“陷入困境”，故选C
6. The snow was heavy and it covered everything.雪很大，覆盖了所有的东西。 Heavy是形容词，在句中表示“大的”，它还表示“重的”，“沉得”等。 【即时体验】
What a _______ snow it is ! A. heavily B. heavy C. big D. large
答案：
“多大的一场雪啊！”形容雪下的大用heavy，故选B.
Main task ＆ Checkout
要点精讲 1. A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 一阵恐惧感袭上心头，但我告诉自己镇定下来因为我还活着。
alive 意为“活着的”，形容词，作表语， The dog kept alive. 狗还活着。 类似的词：
asleep, 睡着的 The baby has been asleep for an hour. awake, 醒着的 I was awake half an hour ago.
afraid, 害怕的 Don’t be afraid of the dog. It can’t bite you. 2. People were in a great hurry to move away the bricks and stones. 人们匆忙地搬走砖块和石头。
be in a hurry to do sth. 匆匆忙忙去做某事 hurry
（1）n. in a/ one’s hurry 匆匆忙忙 （2）vt. Hurry him, or he will be late. 催他一下，不然他要迟到了。
（3）vi. Hurry up or you will be late. 快点，否则你要迟到了。 【即时体验】
试着翻译这个句子：He is in a hurry to leave. 答案：他急着要离去。
3. Don’t make excuses. 别找借口。 excuse
n. 饶恕，致歉，理由，借口 make excuse 找借口
There are no excuses for your mistakes. 对于你的错误，没有什么好申辩的。 vt. 原谅，申辩，作为……的托辞，为……免去 Excuse me. 对不起，打扰了。
【即时体验】 试着翻译这个句子
Don’t excuse yourself for your mistakes. 答案：不要为你的错误而申辩。
4. I looked out of the window at Millie’s home after I heard the nose. 我听到响声后，在米莉家透过窗子向外看。 Look out of 意为“向……外面看” 例如：
He looked out of the window when you are having a class. 他从窗户向屋里看，发现里面没有人。
【即时体验】
Don’t look out _______ the window when you are having a class. A. of B. off
C. in D. /
答案： 根据句意“在上课的时候不要往窗子外面看。”用固定短语look out of 故选A。 5. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 advise sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. invite sb. to do sth. order sb. to do sth.
remind（提醒）sb. to do sth.
request（请求、恳求）sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. warn sb. to do sth. 否定式
tell sb.（not）to do sth.（叫……） teach sb.（not）to do sth.（教……） order sb.（not）to do sth.（命令……）
prefer sb.（not）to do sth.（喜欢/宁愿……） warn sb.（not）to do sth.（警告……） wish sb.（not）to do sth.（希望……）
would like sb.（not）to do sth.（想要……） want sb.（not）to do sth.（想要……）
advise sb.（not）to do sth.（建议某人（不）做某事） ask sb.（not）to do sth.（请某人（不）做某事） cause sb.（not）to do sth.（导致某人（不）做某事）
encourage sb.（not）to do sth. （鼓励某人（不）做某事） expect sb.（not）to do sth. （希望某人（不）做某事） force sb.（not）to do sth.（迫使……） get sb.（not）to do sth.（让……） help sb.（not）to do sth.（帮助……） 【即时体验】
试着翻译下面的句子
1. 老师建议我们多读书。 2. 妈妈让他把门关上。
3. 昨天Ann邀请我去吃晚饭。 4. 老师让他们不要跑。
5. 爸爸要求我不要把电视关上。 答案：
1. The teachers advise us to do more reading. 2. His mother asked him to close the door. 3. Ann invited me to have supper yesterday. 4. The teacher asked them not to run.
5. My father requested me not to turn off the TV.
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