FLTRP Book Development Project
Chapter 6 Supporting Your Ideas
True-False Questions
Students are to indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by circling the appropriate letter. 1. T F Good speeches are composed of hot air and generalizations. 2. T F Whenever you use a hypothetical example in a speech, it is usually a good idea to follow it with statistics or testimony to show that the example is not unrealistic. 3. T F The impact of examples is enhanced when they are combined with other supporting materials that show the examples to be typical. 4. T F When you use numerical data, make sure your statistics are representative of what they claim to measure. 5. T F Statistics speak for themselves. 6. T F Being creative is one of the most important steps you can take to make statistics work in your speeches. 7. T F Citing the views of people who are experts is a good way to lend credibility to your speeches. 8. T F Peer testimony is especially valuable because it gives a more personal viewpoint on issues than can be gained from expert testimony. 9. T F Listeners will find your speeches much more credible if you use testimony from sources qualified on the subject at hand. 10. T F Very few listeners are suspicious of testimony from biased or self-interested sources. Multiple Choice Questions
Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.
1. The basic kinds of supporting materials include all of the following EXCEPT __________.
a. examples b. comments c. statistics d. testimony
2. Examples are so important that many experienced speakers consider them “__________”.
a. the secret weapon for successful speaking b. the highlight of the speech c. the very life of the speech
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Test Bank for The Art of Public Speaking Stephen Lucas & Suya Yin
FLTRP Book Development Project
d. the best tool for speech making
3. Which of the following types of examples describes an imaginary situation?
a. Brief examples. b. Extended examples. c. Hypothetical examples. d. Elaborate examples.
4. The richly textured example supplies __________ to bring the example to life.
a. everyday details b. exciting moments c. unique experiences d. trials and tribulations
5. Which of the following sources will be considered reliable for nutritional ratings for fast food?
a. Pizza Hut.
b. Mike Donald’s. c. Consumer Union. d. Friday’s.
6. All of the following statements contain effective use of statistics EXCEPT “__________”.
a. The population of Saudi Arabia is approaching 29 million
b. Lake Poyang has a surface area of almost 3,600 square kilometers c. Mount Kilimanjaro is 589,514 meters high
d. The world land speecd record is 1,228 kilometers per hour
7. Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point are called __________.
a. examples b. statistics c. testimony d. quotables
8. Quotations are most __________ when they are brief, when they convey your meaning better
than you can, and when they are particularly eloquent, witty, or compelling. a. effective b. useful c. interesting d. important
9. Accurate quotation involves all of the following things EXCEPT making sure you do not
__________.
a. misquote someone
b. violate the meaning of statements you paraphrase c. quote out of context
d. quote only the most authoritative sources
10. Which of the following celebrity testimonials is an example of testimony from a poor source?
a. The badminton player recommends a racquet. b. The Olympic diver praises a brand of swimsuit. c. A movie star endorses a pharmaceutical company. d. A professional driver introduces a new car model.
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Test Bank for The Art of Public Speaking Stephen Lucas & Suya Yin
FLTRP Book Development Project
11. Using spokespersons from __________ to speak about the safety of bottle water is not a good
idea because the source is biased. a. medical doctors
b. bottle water producers c. consumers of bottle water
d. International Bottle Water Association
12. Using __________ is the best way to pull listeners into your speeches.
a. extended examples b. peer testimony c. statistics
d. brief examples
13. According to your textbook, a(n) __________ is an imaginary story that makes a general
point.
a. hypothetical example b. fable
c. illustration
d. simulated example
14. Ryan began his speech by saying:
Imagine that you are on a deserted island—palm trees sway in the breeze, the warm sun is on your face, and the smell of tropical flowers is in the air. Suddenly, the sound of distant drums breaks your euphoria. What do you do—panic? What would you do if you found yourself in such a situation?
What kind of supporting material did Ryan use in his introduction? a. Hypothetical example. b. Extended metaphor. c. Synthetic example. d. Artificial simile.
15. Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are combined
with __________ that show(s) the examples to be typical. a. analogies
b. causal reasoning c. statistics
d. emotional appeals
16. The main value of using statistics in a speech is to __________.
a. lend realism to the speech
b. enhance the speaker’s credibility c. quantify the speaker’s ideas d. make the speech more vivid
17. To give statistics greater impact, a speaker should __________.
a. avoid using visual aids with the statistics b. cite exact numbers rather than rounding off c. avoid using too many statistics
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Test Bank for The Art of Public Speaking FLTRP Book Development Project Stephen Lucas & Suya Yin
d. combine the statistics with technical language
18. According to your textbook, when you use statistics in a speech, you should usually
__________.
a. round off complicated statistics
b. combine the statistics with a hypothetical example c. use a large number of statistics
d. manipulate the statistics to make a point
19. Each of the following is mentioned in your textbook as a tip for using statistics
EXCEPT__________. a. use statistics sparingly
b. avoid using statistics found on the Internet c. round off complicated statistics d. identify the source of your statistics
20. According to your textbook, a good way to clarify statistical trends is to __________.
a. increase your speaking rate when giving statistics b. use exact numbers rather than rounding off c. use visual aids when presenting statistics
d. make sure the statistics are from unbiased sources
21. The main value of using expert testimony in a speech is to __________.
a. build the credibility of speakers who are not experts on their topics b. gain attention in the introduction of the speech c. enhance the vividness of the speaker’s ideas
d. keep the audience’s attention throughout the body of the speech
22. According to your textbook, if you quoted Dr. Anthony D’Allesandro, a world-renowned
transplant surgeon, on the organ shortage problem, what kind of testimony would you be using?
a. Valid testimony. b. Peer testimony. c. Expert testimony. d. Unbiased testimony.
23. In his speech about natural disasters, Paul included the following statement:
Floods are psychologically as well as physically devastating. As one local flood victim told me, “It is a helpless feeling to see the water continue to rise—to see it wash away your home—to see it wash away your life. I just feel like giving up.”
According to your textbook, what kind of supporting material did Paul use? a. Emotional testimony. b. Extended testimony. c. Authoritative testimony. d. Peer testimony.
24. According to your textbook, if you quoted your cousin about her experience digging for
dinosaur bones last summer, you would be using __________ testimony.
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Test Bank for The Art of Public Speaking Stephen Lucas & Suya Yin
FLTRP Book Development Project
a. b. c. d. personal paraphrased peer direct
25. In her speech about child abuse, Kim included the following statement:
The effects of child abuse last long after the child has grown to adulthood. As one victim of child abuse stated in a local newspaper article just last week, “I know it sounds crazy, but sometimes I still wake up in fear in the middle of the night. Even worse, I find myself raging at my own children and treating them like my parents treated me.”
According to your textbook, what kind of supporting material did Kim use? a. Peer testimony.
b. Extended testimony. c. Expert testimony. d. Valid testimony.
26. To paraphrase is to __________.
a. create a new way of describing an event b. violate ethical standards of public speaking
c. give the gist of someone’s statement in your own words d. use someone else’s words so you don’t have to credit them
27. To give the gist of someone’s statement in your own words is to __________.
a. hypothesize b. paraphrase c. corroborate d. testify
28. Using expert testimony is an excellent way to lend __________ to your speeches.
a. vividness b. reliability c. concreteness d. credibility
29. Which of the following would probably be the most reliable source of testimony in a speech
about the impact of automobile exhaust on air pollution? a. The president of General Motors.
b. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. c. A public relations officer at Ford Motors. d. The head of the Better Business Bureau.
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Test Bank for The Art of Public Speaking Stephen Lucas & Suya Yin
FLTRP Book Development Project
30. Which of the following would probably be the most reliable source of testimony in a speech
about successful dieting strategies?
a. The CEO of Dow Chemical for North Asia Pacific. b. A psychology professor from Peking University.
c. A scientist studying weight-loss methods at the International Life Sciences Institute in
China.
d. An infomercial for the NutriSystem weight-loss program.
31. What suggestion presented in your textbook for using supporting materials is used in the
following speech excerpt?
Since it first opened for business, McDonald’s has sold over 100 billion hamburgers. To give you an idea how many hamburgers that is, think of it this way: Since each McDonald’s burger (with the bun) is about 2 inches thick, 100 billion hamburgers stacked on top of each other would reach over 3 million milesfifteen times as far as the moon.
a. Explain your statistics.
b. Present testimony from qualified sources. c. Use examples to quantify ideas. d. Use statistics to personalize ideas.
Short Answer Questions
1. In addition to clarifying, personalizing, and reinforcing a speaker’s ideas, examples often appeal powerfully to our emotions.
2. One way to use brief examples is to pile them one upon the other until you create the desired impression.
3. By using a hypothetical example, a speaker can create a an imaginary scenario, relate it directly to his/her listeners, and get them involved in the speech.
4. Careful listeners usually keep an ear out for the sources of a speaker’s numbers.
5. According to your textbook, what three questions should you ask when evaluating statistics?
a. Are the statistics representative? b. Are statistical measures used correctly? c. Are the statistics from a reliable source?
6. In addition to explaining statistics verbally, you can use visual aids to give them clarity and meaning.
7. Rather than drowning your audience in a sea of numbers, you can use a graph or chart to represent the numbers visually.
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Test Bank for The Art of Public Speaking Stephen Lucas & Suya Yin
FLTRP Book Development Project
8. In most speeches you will probably rely on expert testimony, that is, testimony from people who are acknowledged authorities in their fields.
9. Peer testimony are opinions of ordinary citizens who have firsthand experience on the topic.
Essay Questions
1. Explain the differences among the three types of examples discussed in the textbook. How
can each be used effectively to support a speaker’s ideas?
2. What is the difference between peer testimony and expert testimony? What are the principal
benefits of using each kind of testimony in a speech?
3. Identify and explain the five guidelines discussed in your textbook for using testimony
effectively in a speech.
4. Explain why quoting out of context can have serious consequences. Use an example to help
illustrate your point.
5. Each of the following statements violates at least one of the criteria for effective supporting
materials. Explain the flaw (or flaws) in each statement.
a. As Guo Degang stated in a recent talk show, eating plans that contain 1,000 to 1,200
calories each day will help most women lose weight safely. He added that eating plans that contain 1,200 to 1,600 calories each day are right for men seeking to lose weight. Those calorie levels may also be right for women who weigh 75 kilograms or more or who often exercise.
b. A random survey taken last month in a business class at Peking University indicated that
27 out of 30 students used the iPad as a learning tool. Therefore we can conclude that at least 90% of the college students in China use the iPad for education purposes.
c. Some high school teachers now believe that tension headaches may result from changes
among brain chemicals such as serotonin (血清素). These changes may start sending pain messages to the brain. The changes may interfere with brain activity that suppresses pain.
d. According to a survey sponsored by the Wahaha Nutrition Express Line, the Wahaha
nutri-express milk and fruit juice soft drink enjoys greater popularity among Chinese consumers than competing products.
6. What are the three major types of supporting materials used in public speeches? Evaluate the
use of all three types in the following speech excerpt. Be sure to deal with all the supporting materials in the excerpt, and be specific in your evaluation.
People have known since ancient times that aspirin helps to reduce pain and high body temperature. But in recent years, it has gained important new uses.
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Test Bank for The Art of Public Speaking Stephen Lucas & Suya Yin
FLTRP Book Development Project
Researchers of a pharmaceutical company (制药公司) say some people who took two
aspirin pills a day had lower rates of colorectal cancer (直肠癌). They conclude that aspirin may help patients with colon cancer（结肠癌）live longer.
Aspirin can reduce pain and swelling in damaged tissues. But it can also harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine. And sometimes it can cause bleeding.
A doctor first reported this effect in the 1950s. He observed unusual bleeding in children who chewed on an aspirin product to ease the pain after a common operation. He believed the bleeding took place because aspirin prevented blood from thickening. He thought this effect might help prevent heart attacks caused by blood clots. He examined the medical records of 8,132 aspirin users and found no heart attacks in this group. But it was years before large studies took place.
A Harvard Medical School researcher led one of the studies. In 1983, he began to study 22,456 healthy male doctors over 40 years of age. Half took an aspirin every other day. The others took only a placebo (安慰药丸). Five years later, he reported that people who took aspirin reduced their risk of a heart attack. But they had a higher risk of bleeding in the brain than the other doctors.
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