第18课 --2
状语从句
导言 状语从句是将以前学过的主谓宾状句型中的状语扩大成一个完整的句子，并用连词引导。准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句时态呼应。 ▲ 时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有when、while、as、the moment、before、after、till、until、since、as soon as 等。请注意when, while ,as 的区别。
when--1.当...的时候 通常指某一特定的时间,主句与从句的动作同时发生。 ● When I opened the window, I saw him come up. ● When I was eight I began to study English. ● When I have time I will go to see you. ● He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.
注：如果时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，英语习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般时。 when--2.正在...的时候，突然...。 通常主句是进行时或to be about to时，在翻译的时候，when可以译成没想到或突然。 1. I was walking along the street, when I met him. 1
我正在街上走突然遇见了他。
2.
One evening, little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.
一天晚上,小汉斯正坐在火炉旁,突然听到有人使劲敲门。
I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in. 我刚睡着， 我妹妹就进来了。
when--3.当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满.
1. Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.
我在吃早饭的时候，真烦人，有人敲门。
2. When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.
我刚要离开，邮递员偏偏来了。
1. Tom _______ into the house when no one __________.
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked
1. A当when引导的从句是进行时，主句的动作有一种不满的情绪，这句话应该译成：当没有人注意他的时候，他却偷偷地
while--1.在...期间 往往指一段时间。
1. While we were in America, we saw him twice.
我们在美国期间，见过他两次。
2. While we were talking, he came in.
我们正说着话，他来了。
3.
2
while--2.表示一种不满情绪 意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。
1. We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing football.
我们这儿在打扫教室而他们在踢足球。
2. The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powders the face. 前方吃紧，后方紧吃。（战士面对炸药，美人在往脸上擦粉。）
as--1.一边...一边，随着 ● She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music. ● As she grew older, she became more beautiful.
as--2.当…时 指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。 (不能用when因为两个动作不是同时发生)
1. As I was going out, it began to rain.
我刚要出去，天就下雨了。
2. I saw Mary as she was getting on the bus.
玛丽刚要上车，我就看到她。
3. As he was eating his breakfast, he heard someone knock at the door.
他正在吃早饭的时候听见有人敲门。
4. Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.
注：练习1是针对when, as, while用法上的区别设计，请在做练习时多加注意。
3
the moment –一…就…(=as soon as) ● –Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
--Yes, I gave it to her the moment I saw her. --你还记得你把欠玛丽的钱给她了吗？ --我一见她的时候我给她了。
not...until--直到...才 ● He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.
直到他干完工作，才离开办公室。
=He left the office when he finished the work.
注: not...until可以和when互换，练习2是专为not...until设计的。
Before--在...之前 ● The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs. ● Did you work as a stewardess before you came to this company?
After--在...之后 ● The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent. ● The plane took off after the air traffic controller gave clearance. Since--自从... 通常主句用现在完成时 4
● I have never been there again since I graduated from the university. ● The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot.
as soon as--一…就…
1. Jack went to school as soon as he got well. 杰克病一好就去上学了。
2. As soon as you feel too old to do a thing, do it.
——M. Deland, American writer
一旦你觉得做某件事年纪太大了，赶紧做它。
——美国作家 迪兰 . M.
no sooner--than--一…就… ● No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚回家就走了。
注：no sooner than要求倒装。
▲ 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连词有if、unless(=if not)、as(so)long as、in case、provided(that)、on condition that etc.
if--如果 ● If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane. ● If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.
5
unless--如果不，除非 =if not ● He will not join us unless he changes his mind.
= He will not join us if he does not change his mind. ● We cannot get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.
= We cannot get there on time if we don’t book the earliest flight. ● Don’t trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you.
注：练习3是专为unless设计。
as(so) long as--只要 ● We will succeed as long as we keep on trying. ● You can play the game as long as you remember the rules. ● A man is not old as long as he is seeking(追求 )something. ● A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.
——J. Barrymore, American actor
一个人还有所追求，他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想，一个 人才算老。
——美国演员 巴里穆尔 .J.
as(so) far as--据…所知 ● As far as I know , he speaks English very well. in case--假使，如果 6
● The plane can not take off in case it rains.
provided that--如果 有时省略that ● The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully. ● You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape（好体型）and you have got the proper education.
on condition that--条件是 ● He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak. ● The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.
注：如果主从句的动作发生在将来，则主句用将来时，从句用一般时。 ● If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport. ● He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.
▲ 地点状语从句
地点状语从句只有两个连词: where和wherever.
where—在...的地方 ● Put the medicine where you can easily get it.
7
● Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, dilapidated（荒废的）houses. ● Where there is a flatterer (拍马屁的人)there is also a fool.
——Joseph Addison, British writer
哪里有拍马屁的人，那里就有傻瓜。
wherever--无论哪里 ● He follows her wherever she goes. ● Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
▲ 原因状语
Because、as、since、now(that)、in that和for,这5个连词都用于表示原因，但在语气上一个比一个弱。
because--因为，通常从句放在主句之后。 ● Mr. Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage. ● He said that he couldn’t work because the computer was out of order. ● I succeeded because I willed it; I never hesitated(踌躇).
——Bonapart Napoleon, French emperor
我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。
——法国皇帝 拿破仑 .B.
as--因为，通常放在句首。 ● As it is quite windy today, he decides to take the bus in stead of riding a bicycle.
8
● As he is honest and modest（谦虚）, all his friends like him.
since--既然，因语气较弱，常译成既然。 ● Since everybody has come, we can set off. ● Since the purser didn’t tell us what to do, we can relax.
now that--既然。 ● Now that you are here, you can join us. ● Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.
for--因为，for表示的原因是大家都知道的，语气很弱，不用于句首，常译成众所周知。 ● Don’t bother him with your silly questions any more for you know he is very exhausted. ● I have every reason to blame him for it is not the first time that he is late for class.
▲ 结果状语
引导结果状语的连词有：so…that、so that、such…that.
so...that--太...以至于 so后面应用形容词或副词，有时省略so，只 用that。 ● Boeing747 is so large that people like to call it ‘jet jumbo’. ● The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to book on it.
9
so that--因而，以便，为了 有时so可以省去。 ● Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too? ● Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you. ● When you are skinning your customers, you should leave some skin onto grow so that you can skin them again.
——Nikita Khrushchev, Statesman of the former Soviet Union
如果你要剥客户的皮，你应当给他们留点皮，别剥光，让它长新 皮，这样你下次还可以继续剥他们的皮。
——前苏联政治家 赫鲁晓夫 . N.
such...that--太...以至于 用法与so...that相同，但such后面应用名词。 ● The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him. ● The Canadian Airline’s hangar is such a huge building that it can hold two medium-range jets at the same time.
▲ 比较状语
引导比较状语的连词有: as…as、not so(as)…as、…than、和the more…,the more…
as...as—像...一样 ● If you don’t want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible. ● My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.
10
● Cultivation（学习）to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.
——Cicero, ancient Roman statesman and orator
学习对于头脑，如同食物对于身体一样不可缺少。
——古罗马政治家、演说家 西塞罗
not so(as)...as--不像... ● The job is not so (as) difficult as I thought it would be. ● The flight was not so (as) harmful as the captain had predicted.
...than--比...怎么样 用于事物间的比较，more后面用形容词或副 词。 ● People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs. ● I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese ones.
● A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a beautiful behavior( is) than a beautiful form.
——Ralph Waldo Emerson, American thinker
美丽的体形胜过漂亮的脸蛋；美丽的行为胜过美丽的体形。
——美国思想家 爱默生 . R. W.
The more..., the more...--越...越... ● The more, the better. ● The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it. ● The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is.
11
——George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist
一个人感到羞耻的越多，他就越体面。
——英国剧作家 肖伯纳 . G.
▲ 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有: so that、in order that、in case、lest 和for fear that.
in order that--为了 ● The Captain briefed his crew in order that everyone knew what to do during the long flight. ● The Airline planned to offer discount fares in order that they would have some business in the low season. in case—以防 ● Please take your umbrella in case it rains. ● You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.
lest—以防万一 ● The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him. ● The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldn’t finish the task on time.
注：lest引导的从句用would，might表示虚拟。 for fear that—以防万一，that可省略 12
● The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem. ● The President of the Airline often talked with his employees for fear that they are not satisfied with his policy.
▲ 让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：although、as、even if、though、even though、however、no matter、whatever、while和whether.
although, though--虽然 although和though可以互换, 但although常放 在句首。though可以用于倒装。 ● Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off. ● Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame. ● Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed. ● Child though he was, he did quite well.
as--尽管 as引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though互换 ● Busy as he is, he never misses a football match. ● Hard as she works, she makes little progress.
even if--即使 ● Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.
13
● Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldn’t miss the chrysanthemum （菊花）exhibition.
even though--即使 ● Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way. ● Even though his dean didn’t mean it, he still felt embarrassed.
however--不论 however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。 ● He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove. ● The father couldn’t make his daughter smile however hard he tried.
no matter(what, when, where, how)--无论(什么，何时，何地，怎样)。 ● The old man wouldn’t believe anything no matter what you said. ● Please tell me the result no matter when you get it. ● He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him. ● I will find you no matter where you hide.
whatever--不管 ● Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind. ● Whatever you do, it won’t affect our plan. while--尽管 14
● While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you. ● While it’s none of my business, I will watch you.
whether--不管，常与or not连用 ● Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad. ● Whether his proposal is practical or not, the department plans to adopt it.
课堂练习
Pumas（美洲狮） are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted (发现) forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously（当真）. However, as the evidence（证据） began to accumulate（积累）, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to （被迫）investigate（调查）, for the descriptions（描述）(which were ) given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily（非常）similar.
美洲狮是一种产于美洲的体形似猫的大型动物。当在伦敦南面45公里的地方发现美洲狮的报告传到伦敦动物园，它并没有受到足够的
15
重视。然而，随着证据的积累，伦敦动物园的专家们不得不开始调查，这是因为，声称看到美洲狮的人所描述的情况极端相似。
Thought Frenchmen and Americans have many common practices (when they eat) when eating, there are also some differences in table manners. The French keep the fork in the left hand while (they are) eating meat; but many Americans don’t. In France, both hands should be kept on the table while (they are) eating. In the U.S., the left hand may be on the lap. Frenchmen break off a piece of bread with their fingers and eat it. Americans, in contrast, pick up the whole piece. Finally, Frenchmen eat fruit with a knife and a fork. Americans, on the other hand, usually use their fingers.
虽然法国人和美国人在吃的方面有很多共同之处，但在餐桌礼仪方面也存在着一些不同。法国人吃肉时是左手拿叉；但很多美国人不是这样。在法国，吃饭时双手都要放在桌上。在美国，左手可以放在膝上。法国人用手将面包掰成小块吃，美国人则整个吃。最后一点不同的是，法国人用刀和叉吃水果，而美国人通常用手吃。
重要提示
掌握状语从句并不难，困难的是记住连词，尤其是常用连词。很多学生宁愿抱着高考常用词、四、六级常用词、托福常用词背，而忽略了英语的介词和连词，介词和连词是英语中的结构词，是以一当百的词，务必请同学们牢记这些词。
课堂练习
该练习可在下载区下载
16
此练习同学可根据自已的情况选做.
练 习
状语从句典型试题
1. No sooner had they got off the train_____ it started moving. (2000年)
A. when B. than C. then D. after
2. It is very important for the strong man to know that ______ strong he is, he cannot be the strongest. (2003年)
A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D. however
3. _______ I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. (2003年)
A. When B. As C. While D. Since
4. We’ll be only too glad to attend your party _______ we can get a baby-sitter. (2003年)
A. so far as B. provided that C. unless D. except that
5. ______ she finds out that you’ve lost her books. (2003年) A. As if B. Even if C. What if D. Suppose that
6. He talks as if he ____ everything in the world. (1998年)
17
A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known
7. _______you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering考虑 (1998年)
A. Even if B. If only C. Instead of D. Despite of
8. In short, _______ he lives, a man belongs to some society. (1997年)
A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D. wherever
9. She has wanted to become a nurse ______ since she was a young girl. (1997年)
A. long B. often C. always D. ever
10. Rubber differs from plastics _______ it is produced naturally and not in file lab. (2005年)
A. at that B. in that C. for that D. with that
key
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. No sooner had they got off the train_____ it started moving. (2000年)
A. when B. than C. then D. after
18
解析: 答案选B。表示“一……就……”可以有三种搭配：no sooner…than…; hardly…when…; scarcely…when…。注意连词的搭配。本句的意思是：“他们刚把货物盖好，就开始下雨了。”
2. It is very important for the strong man to know that ______ strong he is, he cannot be the strongest. (2003年) A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D. however
解析: 答案选D。however引导让步状语从句，修饰strong。that引导宾语从句的句意是：无论他多么强壮，他都不是最强壮的。
3. _______ I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. (2003年) A. When B. As C. While D. Since
解析: 答案选C。while表示虽然。句意是：虽然我承认有些问题，但我不同意说就解决不了这些问题。
4. We’ll be only too glad to attend your party _______ we can get a baby-sitter. (2003年)
A. so far as B. provided that C. unless D. except that
19
解析: 答案选B。provided that=if。句意是：我们要是能找到人看孩子就会非常高兴地参加你们的聚会。注意句中only too 表示“非常”
5. ______ she finds out that you’ve lost her books. (2003年) A. As if B. Even if C. What if D. Suppose that
解析: 答案选C。what if=what will happen if。
6. He talks as if he ____ everything in the world. (1998年) A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known
解析: 答案选B。as if引导的状语从句中表示一种不真实的情况时，要使用虚拟语气。其构成是：表示对现在发生事情的假设用一般过去时态；表示对过去发生事情的假设用过去完成时态。
7. _______you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering考虑 (1998年) A. Even if B. If only C. Instead of D. Despite of
解析: 答案选A。even if 表示“即使”；if only:要不是；instead of: 代替，后接短语；despite of:尽管，后接短语。
8. In short, _______ he lives, a man belongs to some society. (1997年)
20
A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D. wherever
解析: 答案选D。wherever=no matter where 本题意是：简而言之，无论一个人主在哪里，他都是属于某个社会的。
9. She has wanted to become a nurse ______ since she was a young girl. (1997年)
A. long B. often C. always D. ever
解析: 答案选D。ever since相当于since, 表示自从。
10. Rubber differs from plastics _______ it is produced naturally and not in file lab. (2005年)
A. at that B. in that C. for that D. with that 解析: 答案选B。in that 表示 “因为”，引导原因状语从句。
一、用when, as, while填空。
1. My mother was reading newspaper in the house ________ someone knocked at the door loudly.
2. _______ she grew older and older, she became more and more beautiful.
3. My sister was reading a book ________ she was listening to the music.
4. The driver was about to drive away ________ he saw a shoe drop on his car.
5. _______ there is life, there is hope.
21
6. _______ she was driving along the road, she saw something huge in front of her.
7. Please let us know ________ you are ready.
8. you trust to the dog, the wolf slips into the sheepfold（羊圈）.
9. the wind blows you must set your sail. 10. We took notes we listened.
二、用not…until代替下列句子中的when。
1. He left the training center when he finished the work.
2. My friend told me the bad news when I asked him about it. 3. The young fellow stopped working when his boss asked him to. 4. The crew will get a rest when they get to the destination.
5. The plane will take off when the Air Traffic Controller gives out the order.
6. The stewardesses will start to serve the passengers when the plane starts cruising.
三、用unless代替下例句中的if…not。
1. The flight will take off if it doesn’t rain heavily tomorrow.
2. The passenger wants to change to another flight if there is no place on the flight.
3. The customers will complain if we don’t change it immediately. 4. George knows that he cannot become a pilot if he has no flying license.
5. The hijacker will be ferocious（残忍的）if we don’t do as he tells us to.
6. Jane won’t contact with you if she doesn’t have your address and telephone number.
四、将下列句子译成中文，注意状语从句中连词的用法。（*号为谚
语）
1. *You cannot judge of a man till you know his whole story.
22
2. *While the word is in your mouth, it is your own; when it is once spoken, it is another’s.
3. *Where wine is in, truth is out.
4. *When children stand quiet, they have done some ill.
5. *We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without fault.
6. *The moon is not seen when the sun shines.
7. *The more we do, the more we can do; the more busy we are, the more leisure we have.
8. The greater a man is, the less he is disposed(准备) to show his greatness.
9. We only live once, but if we work it right, once is enough.
10. Books wind into the heart; the poet’s verse（佳句） slides（滑动） in the current of our blood. We read them when young, we remember them when old.
11. Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information upon it.
12. The instruments in the flight desk are arranged so that the most important are closest to the pilot.
13. To transport eels by air transport proved to be a more desirable（理想的）method as the death rate of the eels declined（下降）to 5% or less in spite of the fact that the eels were transshipped at Hong Kong where the temperature is usually around 32℃.
五、将括号中的汉语译成英文。
1. __________(据我所知) the event took place in 1945.
2. I’ll go to the airport to pick him up __________(如果我有空). 3. They want to climb to the top of the mountain ___________ (不管 山有多高).
4. Jack went back to work ________(他的病一好).
5. The football match will be held tomorrow morning ________(除非下雨).
23
6. My mother used to be an excellent dancer ____________(当她年轻的时候).
7. You may leave __________(无论何时你喜欢). 8. Finish your job _________(离开公司之前).
9. The Canadian instructor spoke so fast ____________(翻译跟不上他).
10. We’ll be late ___________(除非我们叫出租).
11. ___________(我们还没来得及坐下) than the film began.
12. You can’t improve your pronunciation ___________(除非你天天练习）.
13. We held a meeting __________(以便把这件事彻底讨论一下). 14. The doctor went with us to the work-site ___________(以防出事故).
15. ___________(即使你主动提出要帮助他), he won’t accept it. 16. Lu Xun often said, “___________(只要我活着), I shall go on studying.”
17. He set out early ___________(为了能及时到达).
18. A lot of things have changed ______________(自从我们搬到新院址).
19. ____________(不论你在哪里) I will be right here waiting for you. 20. I can learn some new things from him _______________(每次我与他交谈).
六、选择
1. The boy left dirty foot marks he went. A. wherever B. whenever C. which D. while 2. there is a will, there is a way. A. When B. What C. Where D. Whether 3. you keep the secret, I will tell you. A. While B. As far as C. Provided that D. Although 4. Eleanor is tall and thin her husband is short and fat. A. and B. as C. when D. while
24
5. What have you said he should be angry with you? A. so B. that C. if D. as 6. He said he didn’t care he would be a pilot or not. A. if B. whether C. as D. what 7. The girl didn’t go to bed her parents came home. A. until B. unless C. when D. as 8. He took an umbrella with him it might rain. A. If B. for fear C. in order that D. when
9. No sooner had I come out of the museum I met my teacher. A. then B. than C. so D. when 10. Dark it was, we continued our way. A. because B. since C. as D. that
11. When you read the text you’d better make a mark you have any questions. A. where B. at which C. the place where D. at that 12. I wonder or not you will leave. A. where B. when C. if D. whether 13. how hard I pushed, the door would not open. A. Even if B. Since C. Though D. No matter 14. She didn’t look a bit tired she had walked a long way. A. as B. since C. though D. before
15. The whole staff consisted of about 100 doctors and nurses, nearly half were women. A. of which B. of who C. who D. of whom 16. This is the office my father worked. A. in that B. which C. in which D. in where 17. he could not earn enough to support his family. A. As hard as he worked B. Hard as he worked C. As he worked hard D. Because he worked hard 18. He talks he were an expert in the field. A. as B. though C. because D. as if 19. he is going to do it is not known yet. A. How B. What C. That D. If 20. The question is the book was worth reading.
25
A. which B. whether C. what D. that 21. We are talking about Mary is in love with a sailor. A. if B. whether C. where D. what 22. you hurry, you will be late. A. If B. As C. Unless D. Because 23. She acted nothing had happened. A. as B. though C. as if D. since
24. The metal was first used was copper it was easily obtained in its pure（纯的）state. A. what…because… B. that…where… C. which…as… D. that…when…
25. you have seen the play you can give him the ticket. A. When B. Since C. That D. Where 26. I know it is difficult, I shall do it. A. If B. In case C. Though D. Since 27. The story was moving many of us shed tears. A. such…that B. as…as C. so…as D. so…that 28. It’s that we must not miss it. A. such good a chance B. so an good chance C. a so good chance D. such a good chance 29. far away he is, I will go to see him. A. No mater how B. No sooner C. Because D. Even though 30. How long is it I ? A. since…arrived B. since…has arrived C. when…arrived D. as…arrived 31. He will do any thing he can earn money. A. as far as B. as long as C. in case D. while 32. till she was thirty. A. She married B. She didn’t marry me C. She married me D. She married with me. 33. I will go to see you I have finished. A. as soon as B. while C. before D. as far as 34.They decided to chase the cow away ____ it did more damage. A. unless B. until C. before D. although
26
35. All ____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. A. what is needed B. for our needs C. the thing needed D. that is needed
36. ____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A. For now B. Now that C. Ever wince D. By now
37. How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have 38. If you smoke in a non-smoking section people _____. A. have objected B. objected C. must object D. will object
39. _____ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is brand-new.
A. That B. Those C. What D. Whether 40. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time ____ the guards discovered what had happened.
A. before B. until C. since D. when 41. Government cannot operate effectively ____ it is free from such interference.
A. so long as B. so that C. unless D. because 42. No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A. performing B. performed
C. to be performed D. being performed
43. ____ quit recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.
A. Before B. Until C From D. Since 44. In some countries, ____ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A. which B. what C. that D. one 45. Liquids are like solids ____ they have a definite volume. A. in that B. for that C. with that D. at that
七、汉译英
27
1. 尽管天气变冷了，他们还是像以前一样努力工作。 2. 即使你会失败，你也应该尽你的努力去完成工作。 3. 我们必须带雨衣，以防天下雨。
4. 据我所知，英文语法中没有这样一条规定。 5. 请把前门的钥匙放在我们容易找到的地方。 6. 我刚告诉他这个消息，他就哭起来。
7. 你越是努力学习英语，你说英语就会越好。 8. 除非天下雨，否则飞机将正点起飞。
9. 我们早晨早点走，以便我们能及时赶到机场。 10. 当我们听到老师告诉我们的那个消息，我们都激动得睡不着觉 11. 乘务员怕旅客不明白，她又解释了一遍。 12. 我们做得越多，就越能做；越是紧张，就越有闲暇(leisure)。 13. 当乌云出现时(appear)，聪明人就披上斗篷(cloaks)。
阅读与欣赏 准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。 ●If winter comes, can spring be far behind? ---D.B.Shelley, British poet
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ ------------英国诗人 雪莱 .P.B.
●Victory won't come to me unless I go to it.
-----------M. Moore, American poetess
胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。
--------美国女诗人 穆尔 .M.
●An Englishman, even if he is alone, forms（形成） an orberly queue of one. -----------Gergert Mikes 即使剩下一个人，英国人也整整齐齐地排成一对。
28
●It never will rain roses. When we want to have more roses we must plant
trees. -------------G. Eliot, British novelist 天上不会掉下玫瑰来，如果想要更多的玫瑰，必须自己种植。
●If you would hit the mark(靶), you must aim a little above it. Every
arrow that feels the attraction of earth .
要想射中靶，必须瞄准比靶略为高些，因为脱弦之箭都受到地心引力 的影响。 -------美国诗人 朗费罗
●It is at our mother's knee that we acquire（获得） our noblest and truest
and highest ideals, but there is seldom any money in them.
----------Mark Twain, American writer
正是在母亲的膝上我们获得了最高尚、最真实、最崇高的理想，而这种教育与金钱毫无关系。
--------美国作家 马克 . 吐温
●Happiness is a butterfly(蝴蝶), which, when pursued(追逐), is always Just beyond your grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight (落) upon you. ----------N. Hawthorn, American writer 幸福是一只蝴蝶，你要追逐它的时候，总是追不到；但是如果你悄悄地 坐下来，它也许会飞落到你身上。 -----美国作家 霍桑 .N.
●A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame
somebody else. ----J. Burroughs, American naturalist
一个人可以失败多次，但是只要他没有开始怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。 ----------美国博物学家 巴勒斯 .J.
29
Man errs (错误)so long as he strives.
-Johann Wolfgang Goethe, German poet and dramatist
人只要奋斗就会犯错误。 ---德国诗人、剧作家 歌德 .J.W.
●I succeeded because I willed it; I never hesitated.
------Bonapart Napoleon, French emperor
我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。 ----法国皇帝 拿破仑 .B.
●If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend,
experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. ----------Thomas Edison, American inventor 如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友、以经验为参谋、以谨慎为兄弟、 以希望为哨兵。 ---------美国发明家 爱迪生 .T.
●The greater a man is, the more distasteful is praise and flattery to him .
-------John Burroughs, American naturalist
一个人越伟大，对表扬和奉承就越反感。 -美国博物学家 巴勒斯 .J.
●Diseases of the soul are more dangerous than those of the body.
-----M.T.Cicero, Ancient Roman orator and statesman
心灵上的疾病比身体上的疾病更危险。
------古罗马演说家、政治家 西塞罗 .M.T.
●Health is better than wealth. -------John Ray, American naturalist
健康胜过财富。 --------美国博物学家 雷伊 .J.
●Do you love life? Then do not squander浪费 time; for that's the stuff Life is made of. ---Benjamin Franklin, American president
30
你热爱生命吗？那么，别浪费时间，因为生命是由时间组成的。
----美国总统 富兰克林 . B.
●If you do not think about the future, you cannot have one.
-----------Ohn Galsworthy, British novelist and dramatist
如果你不考虑未来，那么你就不能拥有未来。
----英国小说家、剧作家 高尔斯华绥 . J.
●If you don't learn to think when you are young, you may never learn.
----------Thomas Edison , American inventor
如果你年轻时没有学会思考，那就永远学不会思考。
-------美国发明家 爱迪生 . T.
●The more you study, the more you will find yourself ignorant.
-------Rene Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician 学，然后知不足。 -----法国哲学家、数学家 笛卡尔 . R. ● Half the failures in life arise from pulling in one’s horse as he is leaping.
-----------JULIUS C.HARE AND AUGUSTUS HARE
人生中百分之五十的失败均在于起跳的同时勒住了马。 ● Young men are apt to think themselves wise enough, as drunken men are
apt to think themselves sober enough.------LORD CHESTERFIELD, Letters to His Son
青年人大多自以为才智过人，就如同醉汉总觉得自已清醒无比。 ● Politicians are the same all over. They promise to build a bridge even where
31
there is no river.--------NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV, comment made to American reporters
哪儿的政治家都一样，他们甚至可以在根本没有河的地方承诺建造一座 桥。 ● When angry, count ten before you speak; if very angry, an hundred.
---------THOMAS JEFFERSON, “A Decalogue of Carons for observation in practical life”
生气时，在开口说话前，先从1数到10；特别生气时，就数到100。 ● If you steal from one auther, it’s plagiarism(剽窃); if you steal from many,
it’s research. -------------WILSON MIZNER
如果你从一个作家那儿抄袭，那叫做剽窃；如果你从许多作家那儿抄袭，
那就叫研究。
●They can because they think they can. ------VIRGIL
他们能够做到是因为他们相信自己能做到。 ● Where we love is home, Home that our feet may leave, but not our hearts.
----------OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, SR. , Homesick in Heaven
家是我们所爱的地方，也是我们的双脚可以离开，而心却不能离开的地方。 ● Wise men profit more from fools than fools from wise men; for the wise
men shun(避免) the mistakes of fools, but fools do not imitate(模仿) the
successes of the wise. ----------------CATO THE ELDER
聪明人从傻瓜那儿获益要比傻瓜从聪明人那儿获益多，因为聪明人能够
32
避免再犯傻瓜的错误；而傻瓜并不能模仿聪明人的成功。
●As a modern parent, I know that it's not how much you give children
those counts(物质东西), it's the love and attention you shower on them. Scaring attitude can not only save you a small fortune钱, but also even make you feel good about being tight-fisted and offering more care than presents. ------O'Hare Noel, American writer
作为一个现代的父母，我很清楚重要的不是你给了孩子们多少物质的东西，而是你倾注在他们身上的关心和爱。关心的态度不仅能帮你省下一笔可观的钱，而且甚至能使你感到一份欣慰，因为你花钱不多并且给予了胜过礼物的关怀。 ----美国作家 诺埃尔 . O.
●The sooner you treat your son as a man, the sooner he will be one.
-------William John Locke, British nowvlist
越早把你的儿子当成男人，他就越早成为男人。
--------英国小说家 洛克 . W. J.
●We never know the love of the parents until we become parents ourselves.
--------Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and orator 不养儿不知父母恩 ------美国牧师、演说家 比沏 . H. W.
●Imagination is more important than knowledge.
------Albert Einstein, American scientist
想象力比知识更为重要。 ----美国科学家 爱因斯坦 . A.
●When you want knowledge like you want air under water then you will
33
get it. --------Socrates, Ancient Greek philosopher 当你需要知识就像你在水底需要空气时，你准能得到它。
----古希腊哲学家 苏格拉底
●Fools and wise men are equally harmless. It is the half-fools and the
half-wise that are dangerous.
--------Johann wolfgang von Goethe, German poet
愚者和智者同样是无害的。只有半愚者和半智者才是危险的。
------德国诗人 歌德 . J. W.
●He dares to be a fool, and that is the first step in the direction of wisdom.
-------James Gibbons Huneder, American critic
敢于当傻瓜是走向聪明的第一步。 --美国批评家 赫尼克 . J. G.
●Nothing in all the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and
conscientious stupidity.
-Martin Luther King, American leader of non-violent civil right movement 世界上再也没有比实实在在的无知和认认真真的愚蠢更危险的了。 -----------美国非暴力民权运动领袖 马丁 . 路德 . 金
●The consumer isn't a moron; she is your wife. You insult her intelligence
if you assume that a mere slogan and a few vapid adjectives will persuade her to buy anything. --David Ogilvy, American advertisement manager 消费者不是傻瓜；她是你的妻子。如果你认为仅凭一句口号，几个干巴巴的形容词就能诱使她掏腰包购买任何东西的话，那么你就亵渎了她的智慧。 ----美国广告经营家 奥格尔维 . D.
●Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortrue.
34
---------Plato, Ancient Greek philosopher
与其不受教育，不如不生，因为无知是不幸的根源。
----------古希腊哲学家 柏拉图
Example is always more efficacious than precept.
-----------Samuel Johnson, British writer and critic
身教胜于言教。 -----英国作家、批评家 约翰逊 . S. When a dog bites a man that is not news, but when a man bites a dog that is news. --------Charles A. Dana, American journalist 狗咬人不是新闻，人咬狗才是新闻。 ---美国记者 达纳 . C. A. ●I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation
where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the
content of their character. I have a dream today.
-------------MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., speech (at the March on Washington, 1963)
我有一个梦想，我的四个孩子有一天将会生活在这样一个国度里：在那
儿，人们不是根据他们的肤色，而是根据他们性格的内涵来看待他们。
现在我就有（这）一个梦想。
KEY TO LESSON TEN
一
1. when 当主句是进行时，when有突然意外的意思。 2. As 随着
3. as 一边…一边…
4. when 当…时 主从句同时发生
35
5. When 此句是谚语when等于if 6. While 表示一个时间段 7. when 表示一个时间点
8. While 表示一个时间段，这是句谚语，意思是不要过分相信别人或依赖别人。
9. As 指从句动作紧跟着主句动作发生，该句是谚语，乘风扬帆，趁热打铁。 10. as 一边…一边…
二
1. He didn’t leave the training center until he finished the work. 2. My friend didn’t tell me the bad news until I asked him about it. 3. The young fellow didn’t stop working until his boss asked him to.
4. The crew will not get a rest until they get to the destination. 5. The plane will not take off until the Air Traffic Controller gives out the order.
6. The stewardesses will not start to serve the passengers until the plane starts cruising.
三
1. The flight will take off unless it rains heavily tomorrow.
2. The passenger wants to change to another flight unless there is place on the flight.
3. The customers will complain unless we change it immediately. 4. George knows that he cannot become a pilot unless he has flying license.
5. The hijacker will be ferocious（残忍的）unless we do as he tells us to.
6. Jane won’t contact with you unless she has your address and
36
telephone number.
四
1. 只有了解一个人的全部历史，才能对他做出评价。
2. 话在嘴里，属于自己，话一出口，属于别人。（表示一段时间，while表示一个时间点） 3. 酒后吐真言。
4. 孩子乖乖站着，必定闯了祸。
5. 指望找到没有缺点的朋友，便永远交不上朋友。 6. 日出月不见。（小巫见大巫） 7. 事越做越能做，人越忙越有空。
8. 一个人越是伟大，就越不会去炫耀自己的伟大。 9. 我们的生命仅有一次，但若用之得当，一次足已。
10. 大师们的作品在我们的心灵里扎根，诗人们的佳句在我们的血管中运行。我们年轻时读了书，年老了又把它们记起。 11.知识有两种。其一是我们对一个问题的有关知识已经精通，其二是我们知道从哪里去查到有关知识。
12.这些仪表之所以这样配置，是为了使最重要的仪表靠近驾驶员。
13.尽管当鳗鱼空运到香港时，当地气温通常在摄氏32度，鳗鱼的死亡率却下降到5%或以下，这就证明航空运输鳗鱼是一种更加理想的方式。
五
1. So far as I know. 2. if I’m free.
3. no matter how high it is. 4. as soon as he got well. 5. unless it rains.
6. when she was young.
37
7. whenever you like.
8. before you leave the company.
9. that the interpreter couldn’t follow him. 10. unless we call taxi.
11. No sooner had I sat down. 12. unless you practice every day.
13. so that we might discuss the matter thoroughly. 14. in case there was any accident. 15. Even if you offer your help. 16. As long as I am alive.
17. in order that he might arrive in time. 18. since we moved to the new address. 19. Where you are.
20. whenever I talk with him.
六
1.a 2.c 3.c 4.d 5.b so that省略了so 6.b 7.a 8. b for fear that可省that并用would或might表示虚拟 9.b 10.c 11.a 12.d 13.d 14.c 15.d 16.c 17.b 18.d 19.a 20.b 21.b介词后跟名词性从句时只能用whether不能用if 22.c 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.c 27.d 28.d 29.a no matter how后应跟形容词或副词 30.a 31.b 32.b 33.a 34.c 35.d 36.b 37.b 38.d 39.a 40.c 41.c
42.b No matter how引导的是让步状语从句，其主语the works和助动词are被省略。 43.b 44.b 45.a
七
1. They worked as hard as before although the weather got cold.
38
2. Even if (even though) you fail, you should do your best to finish your work.
3. We must take raincoat in case it rains
4. So far as I know, there is not such a rule in English grammar. 5. Please put the key to the front door where we can find it easily. 6. No sooner had I told him the news than he began to cry. 7. The harder you study English, the better you speak it. 8. The plane will take off on time unless it rains.
9. We set off early in the morning in order that we can arrive at the airport in time.
10. When we heard that news which the teacher had told us, we all were so excited that we couldn’t go to sleep.
11. The stewardess explained again for fear that the passengers could not understand.
12. The more we do, the more we can do; the more busy we are, the more leisure we have.
13. When clouds appear, wise men put on their cloaks. –W. Shakespeare
39
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容