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What用法浅析

来源:易榕旅网
What⽤法浅析

在中学英语中,what是个经常⽤到但却不容易被掌握的单词,除了作疑问词外,what还有⼀些其他⽤法。下⾯对what的⽤法作⼀个归纳:

⼀、⽤作疑问代词或疑问形容词,引导特殊疑问句

这是what的最基本⽤法。例如:What is your mother? 此时,它与疑问词which有所区别:what表⽰泛指,意思是“什么”;which具有选择性并有范围的规定,表⽰“哪个⼈”或“哪个物”。如:Which book is yours, this one or that one?

⼆、⽤作关系代词,引导名词性从句

在这⾥,what既可指代⼈(相当于the person/persons that …),意思是“所......的⼈”,也可指代物(相当于thething/things that …),表⽰“所......的事物”。例如:What we need is more money.

需要注意以下两点:(1)what引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数取决于what所指代内容是单数还是复数。(2)what引导宾主从句时,其结构相当于⼀个名词短语。

三、⽤于固定结构“What is the +抽象名词”

此时,what有“多少”的含义,例如:What is the population of China? (=How many people are there in China?)四、⽤作语⽓词,表⽰感叹,意为“多么、何等”

例如:What happy children! (=How happy the children are!)五、⽤作连词,含义和作⽤类似as much as、the degree that等

例如:The number of the students in our school is five times what it was ten years ago.六、和ever组成合成词whatever

表⽰“⽆论......”、“不管......”,相当于“no matter what…”,例如:Whatever you want to do, do it well.此外,在中语中,whatever可以替代what,但语⽓较强烈,有“究竟”、“到底”的意思。七、⽤于插⼊语中

what⽤于插⼊语,形成的固定句型有what’s more、what’s worse、what’s better等。例如:He is a tractor driver, what’smore, a good sportsman.

⼋、⽤作副词

此时,what表⽰“在哪⼀⽅⾯”、“到什么程度”。例如:What does it benefit us? /What does it matter?九、⽤作感叹词

what在这⾥表⽰惊讶、⽓愤等,意思是“什么”。在英语⼝语中,what也常⽤在句尾,有“是不是”、“不是吗”的意思。例如:What, do you really mean it? It’s a good film, what?

⼗、在英美⼝语中,what通常⽤来构成⼀些固定结构

例如:What about…? / So what? / What’s happening? / What next?

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