2020届⾼三英语⼆模汇编——完型填空1、2020黄浦⼆模
Directions:For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blankwith the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Retailers(零售商)closed more than 9,000 stores in 2019. Some people call what has happened to the shopping landscape“the retail ___41___.” It is easy to owe it to the rise of e-commerce, which has boomed while physical stores struggle. But thiscan be ___42___. Online sales have grown tremendously in the last 20 years, but internet shopping still represents only 11percent of the entire retail sales total. Collectively, three major ___43___ forces have had an even bigger impact on physicalretail than the internet has.
To begin with, we have changed ___44___ we shop — away from smaller stores like those in malls and toward stand-alone“Big Box” stores, which is a greater problem for most physical stores.
Also, rising income ___45___ has left less of the nation’s money in the hands of the middle class, and the traditional retailstores that ___46___ them have suffered. It is estimated that since 1970, the share of the nation’s income earned by familiesin the middle class has fallen from almost two-thirds to around 40 percent. As the ___47___ of income at the top rises, overallretail suffers simply because high-income people save a much larger share of their money. The government reports
___48___ for different income levels in the official Consumer Expenditure Survey. In the latest data, people in the top 10percent of income ___49___ almost a third of their income after tax, while people in the middle of the income distributionspent 100 percent of their income. ___50___, as the middle class has been squeezed and more has gone to the top, it hasmeant higher saving rates overall.
Lastly, we have spent ___51___ less of income on things and more on services with every passing decade. Since 1960, wewent from spending 5 percent of our income on health to almost 18 percent. We spend more on education, entertainment,business services and all sorts of other products that aren’t ___52___ in traditional retail stores. Economists debate theoriesof why people have ___53___ to services and away from goods, but no one questions that it has happened. It means thatover time, retailers selling ___54___ will have to run harder and harder just to stay in place.
In short, the broad forces hitting retail are more a lesson in economics than in the power of ___55___. It’s a lesson allretailers will have to learn some day.
41. A. business B. disaster C. investment D. strategy42. A. advanced B. confirmed C. overstated D. undervalued43. A. economic B. legal C. physical D. political44. A. how B. what C. where D. why
45. A. distribution B. inequality C. level D. tax
46. A. aim at B. approve of C. compete with D. stem from47. A. concentration B. influence C. security D. source48. A. education B. employment C. housing D. spending49. A. concealed B. donated C. earned D. saved50. A. Instead B. However C. Moreover D. Therefore
51. A. cautiously B. intelligently C. proportionately D. prospectively52. A. available B. insufficient C. popular D. uncommon53. A. applied B. committed C. shifted D. tied54. A. ideas B. patents C. services D. things55. A. consumption B. habit C. income D. technology
【答案】41-45: BCACB46-50: AADDD51-55: CACDD【难度】中等偏难2、2020普陀⼆模
Growing Adoption of Green Cleaning
When we clean the bathroom, we’ve got all kinds of stuff to help us out: a cleaning solution that removes dirty marks from theshower walls and something in a squeeze bottle that makes the toilet sparkling clean. When all is done, the room is neat andclean, ___41___ dirt and bacteria. There’s just one problem — the ___42___ we used to clean can be harmful to people andthe environment. For this reason, many people say that traditional cleaners should be ___43___ and replaced with lessharmful “green” products.
The problem ___44___ the fact that some cleaning products contain harsh chemicals that just aren’t healthy for humans,animals, or the planet. Think of the ___45___ coming from a factory and getting into the air. The smoke creates air pollution,which harms the environment and makes us feel ill when we breathe it in. ___46___, the chemicals in cleaning productspollute the air and can hurt us when we breathe them in or when they get on our skin. However, not all cleaning products areharmful. Green products, which do not contain harsh chemicals, are said to be good ___47___ because they are effective atcleaning and are safe for people and for the planet.
___48___ about chemicals has led many states to require schools and government buildings to use environmentally friendlycleaning products instead of products containing poisonous chemicals. Last year, 10 states required the use of greenproducts and at least 5 other states were considering ___49___ in support of these products.
A proposed bill would apply to bathroom and floor cleaners, hand soap, toilet paper, paper towels, and etc.
Many green cleaning products are widely available at prices ___50___ traditional products. In some cases, manufacturersreceive green certifications for products they have long had on the market, and the prices of these products remain low. Butnot everyone shares the view about the ___51___ of green products. Toilet paper, trash bags and paper towel made fromrecycled materials can cost up to 20% more than traditional products, said Stephen, director of the Green Cleaning Network.So, ___52___ of the proposed legislation are concerned about the potentially higher costs for some green products. Thesecritics say that states should not determine which products ___53___ institutes and agencies must buy, especially if theyincrease costs, since many universities are already struggling financially. Some states have made compromises (妥协) tohelp ___54___ concerns about costs. In Wisconsin, a recent adjustment to the bill would give schools and agencies threeyears instead of one to begin using green products. It would also ___55___ them to quit if they could show that their costswould increase.
41. A. far from B. free of C. none but D. filled with42. A. brushes B. cloth C. solutions D. paper43. A. recycled B. renewed C. reserved D. rejected44. A. accounts for B. results in C. stems from D. turns out45. A. smoke B. drains C. products D. spray
46. A. Nevertheless B. Similarly C. Obviously D. Meanwhile47. A. alternatives B. maintenance C. production D. resolutions48. A. Complaint B. Concern C. Investigation D. Knowledge49. A. campaign B. debate C. legislation D. vote
50. A. higher than B. cheaper than C. similar to D. based on51. A. affordability B. availability C. feasibility D. practicality52. A. supporters B. directors C. lawyers D. opponents53. A. academic B. industrial C. medical D. financial54. A. evaluate B. emphasize C. voice D. address55. A. advise B. encourage C. allow D. sponsor
【答案】41-45 BCDCA BABCC ADADC【难度】中等3、2020徐汇⼆模
The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has several
definitions. I use the 41to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by42more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler throughdigital improvements and so on. 43leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value ratherthan pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process.It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to 44shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether,because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.
Companies can 45customer value in a variety of ways: To increase 46, enterprise software companies sometimes chargecorporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. Toreduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes 47frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-termearnings growth. But they also 48potential customers and encourage disloyalty.
Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such asbuildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releasesso that investors can make 49judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. Butmost companies 50 believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-oldaccounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offermuch 51into the value of a company’s customers.
As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’attention to 52in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of
customer value metrics (指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, 53, reports year-over-year customer counts in itsfinancial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”
This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n)
54picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. 55,firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they failto go with the company’s preferred narrative.41. A. item B. version C. term D. definition
42. A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting43. A. Considerate B. Visionary C. Determined D. Powerful44. A. resist B. relieve C. intensify D. maintain45. A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy
46. A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand47. A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine48. A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off49. A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent50. A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly
51. A. suspicion B. extension C. literacy D. visibility52. A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense
53. A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general54. A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid55. A. Instead B. Further C. Otherwise D. Therefore
【答案】41-55 CCBAD ABDAD DBBAB【难度】中等偏难4、2020杨浦⼆模
Developments in artificial intelligence, robotics and sensors（传感器）are making houses and apartments smarter than ever.IT'S 6 A.M., and the alarm clock is ringing earlier than usual. It’s not a malfunction: the smart clock scanned your scheduleand (41) _________ because you’ve got that big presentation first thing in the morning. Your shower automatically turns onand warms to your preferred temperature. The electric car is (42) ________to go, charged by the solar panels. When you gethome later, there’s a(n) (43) _________ package waiting, delivered by drone. You open it to find cold medicine. It turns outthat health sensors in your bathroom detected (44) ________ of an approaching illness and placed an order automatically.That at least is the ideal version of the smart home that exists 10 years out. Swedish research firm Berg Insight says 63million American homes will (45) ________ as “smart” by 2022, with everything from Internet-connected light bulbs to
cameras that let us spy on our pets from the office. But a decade from now, experts say, we’ll move from turning the lights onand off with our voices to total engagement in the Internet of Things (IoT). (46) ________ advancements in artificial
intelligence, the smartest homes will be able to truly learn about their owners, eventually foretelling their (47) ________.Developments in robotics will give us machines that offer a helping hand with cleaning, cooking and more. New sensors willbe (48)________ watching our well-being. (49) ________ to all of this will be the data that smart homes collect, analyze andact upon, helping to turn the houses of the future from a mere collection of devices and accessories into truly “smart” homes.Of course, as our homes learn more about us, keeping them (50) ________ will become all the more important. Every (51)______ that’s connected to the Internet is a potential target for hackers. Therefore, cybersecurity will become all the morevital.
A range of technological developments will drive smart-home technology well beyond what’s available on store shelvestoday. Innovations in artificial intelligence, (52) _______, stand to reverse almost everything in our lives, including ourhomes. You might already be using some kind of Al-powered voice-assistant device to get the latest news or weatherforecast every morning. But in the smart home of the future, those Al platforms could serve as the brain for entire homes,learning about (53) ________ and organizing and automating all of their various smart devices. IT company Crestron, forexample, is working on software that (54)________ a person’s habits, like which music they want to hear in the morning orwhich lights they want to be on at a certain time of the day. Then, once it knows a user’s (55) ________, it automatically playsjust the right playlists or dims the lights before bedtime.41. A. attempted B. adjusted C. approved D. assisted42. A. free B. likely C. ready D. eager
43. A. unexpected B. disconnected C. unsealed D. misplaced44. A. symbols B. signals C. codes D. signs45. A. serve B. qualify C. behave D. model
46. A. In spite of B. Instead of C. In addition to D. Thanks to47. A. needs B. dangers C. instincts D. responses48. A. deeply B. barely C. closely D. manually49. A. Accessible B. Central C. Relative D. Objective50. A. personal B. special C. specific D. secure51. A. camera B. bulb C. device D. model
52. A. by contrast B. for example C. in turn D. at least53. A. residents B. operators C. relatives D. consumers54. A. transforms B. tracks C. treats D. trains
55. A. conditions B. features C. preferences D. characters【答案】41-55 B C A D B D A C B D C B A B C
【难度】中等5、2020崇明⼆模
High school students who take music courses score significantly better on math, science and English exams than their non-musical peers, according to a new study published in the Journal of Educational Psychology.
School administrators needing to cut budgets often look first to music courses, because the general belief is that studentswho devote time to music rather than math, science and English, will 41 in those disciplines.
“Our research proved this belief 42 and found the more the students engage with music, the better they do in those subjects,”said UBC (University of British Columbia) education professor and the study’s principal investigator, Peter Gouzouasis. “Thestudents who learned to play a musical instrument in elementary and 43 playing in high school not only score significantlyhigher, but were about one academic year ahead of their non-music peers with regard to their English, mathematics andscience skills, as measured by their exam grades, 44 their socioeconomic background, race, previous learning inmathematics and English, and gender.”
Gouzouasis and his team 45 data from all students in public schools in British Columbia who finished Grade 12 between2012 and 2015. The data 46 , made up of more than 112,000 students, included those who completed at least onestandardized exam for math, science and English. Students who studied at least one instrumental music course in theregular curriculum counted as students 47 music.
The researchers found the 48 relationships between music education and academic achievement were more pronounced forthose who took instrumental music rather than vocal (发声的) music. The findings suggest skills learned in instrumentalmusic 49 very broadly to the students’ learning in school.
“Learning to play a musical instrument and playing in a band is very 50 ,” said the study’s co-investigator Martin Guhn, anassistant professor in UBC’s school of population and public health. “A student has to learn to read musical notes, developeye-hand-mind coordination (协调), develop keen listening skills, develop 51 skills for playing in a band and develop
discipline to practice. All those learning experiences, and more, play a role in 52 the learner’s cognitive capacities(认知能⼒),executive functions, and motivation to learn in school.”
The researchers hope that their findings will be brought to the 53 of students, parents, teachers and administrative decision-makers in education, as many school districts over the years have emphasized mathematics and literacy 54 other areas oflearning, particularly music. “However, the amusing aspect is that 55 education can be the very thing that improves all-around academic achievement,” said Gouzouasis.
41. A. overbalance B. underperform C. overwork D. underplay42. A. fantastic B. strategic C. embarrassing D. wrong43. A. resisted B. delayed C. deserted D. continued
44. A. thanks to B. in contrast to C. regardless of D. by means of45. A. examined B. published C. stored D. exchanged46. A. report B. sample C. analysis D. center47. A. taking B. composing C. sharing D. performing48. A. casual B. symbolic C. predictive D. changeable49. A. transfer B. decline C. attach D. limit
50. A. attractive B. distinct C. independent D. demanding51. A. life B. literacy C. team D. survival
52. A. altering B. enhancing C. distracting D. labeling53. A. attention B. question C. edge D. glory
54. A. in terms of B. as a result of C. in case of D. at the cost of55. A. health B. music C. science D. school【答案】41-55 BDDCA BACAD CBADB
【难度】中等6、2020长宁⼆模
Why do so few people find fulfillment in their work? Amy Wrzesniewski, a Yale School of Management professor who studiesthese issues, offered an explanation that made a lot of ___41___. Students, she said, “think their calling is under a rock, andif they ___42___ enough rocks, they will find it.”
Surveys confirm that meaning is the top thing Millennials (千禧⼀代) say they want from a job. And yet her research showsthat less than 50% of people see their work as a calling. So, many of her students are left feeling anxious, ___43___, andcompletely unsatisfied by the good jobs and careers they do secure.
What they—and many of us, I think—fail to realize is that work can be ___44___ even if you don’t think of it as a calling. Thefour most common occupations in America are retail(零售) salesperson, cashier, food preparer/server, and office clerk—jobsthat aren’t typically ___45___ “meaning.” But all have something in common with those professions that are, such asteachers and doctors: They exist to help others. And as Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, hasshown, people who see their work as a form of ___46___ always rank their jobs as more meaningful.
That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization. ___47___, most companies create productsor services to fill a need in the world, and all employees contribute in their own ways. The key is to become more consciousabout the service you’re providing—___48___ and personally.
How? One strategy is to constantly remind yourself of your organization’s main ___49___. Life Is Good is a clothing companybest known for colorful T-shirts with stick-figure designs, but its mission is to spread ___50___ and hope throughout the
world, and that’s something even storeroom employees understand. If you work for an accounting firm, you’re helping peopleor companies with the ___51___ task of doing their taxes. Each job serves a purpose in the world.
Even if you can’t get excited about your company’s mission or customers, you can still adopt a service attitude by thinkingabout how your work ___52___ those you love. Consider a study of women working in a shoe factory in Mexico.
Researchers found that those who described the work as dull were generally less productive than those who said it was___53___. But the effects went away for those in the former group who saw the work (however boring) as a way to supporttheir families. With that attitude, they were just as productive and ___54___ as the workers who didn’t mind the task.Not everyone finds their one true calling. But that doesn’t mean we’re fated to work meaningless jobs. If we ___55___ ourtasks as opportunities to help others, any occupation can feel more significant.41.A. progress B. trouble C. sense D. difference42.A. carve out B. turn over C. pile up D. keep off43.A. frustrated B. shocked C. inspired D. excited
44.A. meaningful B. demanding C. repetitive D. challenging
45.A. distinguished from B. exposed to C.associated with D. defined as46.A. understanding B. existing C. producing D. giving47.A.In conclusion B.After all C. By comparison D. In addition48.A. as a whole B. in this way C. in public D. on average49.A. advantage B. business C. objective D. construction50.A. optimism B. information C. designs D. strategies51.A. unpleasant B. dangerous C. productive D. urgent52.A. gathers B. benefits C. worries D. entertains53.A. embarrassing B. rewarding C. rough D. temporary54.A. relaxed B. surprised C. confused D. energized55.A. assign B. abandon C. neglect D. reframe【答案】41-45 CBAAC46-50 DBACA51-55 ABBDD
【难度】中等7、2020松江⼆模
An artificial intelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences, at least for a limited vocabulary of 250 words. Thesystem may bring us a step closer to ___41___ speech to people who have lost the ability.
Joseph Makin at the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues used deep learning algorithms (算法) tostudy the brain ___42___ of four women as they spoke. The women, who all suffer from a certain kind of brain disorder,already had a device attached to their brains to monitor disease attacks.
Each woman was asked to read aloud from a set of sentences as the team ___43___ brain activity. The largest group of
sentences ___44___ 250 unique words. The team fed this brain activity to a network algorithm related to nerves, training it to___45___ regularly occurring patterns that could be linked to repeated aspects of speech. These patterns were then fed to asecond network, which tried to turn them into words to ___46___ a sentence.
Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetition was not used for part of the training data,
___47___ the researchers to test the system. Each time a person speaks the same sentence, the brain activity connected willbe similar but not exactly the same. “Memorizing the brain activity of these sentences wouldn’t help, ___48___ the networkinstead has to learn what’s similar about them so that it can generalize to this final example,” says Makin. Across the fourwomen, the AI’s best performance was an average translation error rate of 3 per cent.
Makin says that using a small number of sentences made it ___49___ for the AI to learn which words tend to follow others.For example, the AI was able to ___50___ that “Bear” was always likely to follow the word “Teddy” in a certain set ofsentences, from brain activity alone.
The team tried transforming the brain signal data into ___51___ words at a time, rather than whole sentences, but this___52___ the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance. “So the network clearly is learning facts about whichwords go together, and not just which brain activity is ___53___ with which words,” says Makin.
This will make it hard to scale up the system to a/an ___54___ vocabulary because each new word increases the number ofpossible sentences, reducing ___55___. Sophie Scott at University College London says we are still a long way from beingable to translate brain signal data comprehensively.41. A. assigning B. conveying C. restoring D. introducing42. A. systems B. signals C. signatures D. symbols43. A. illuminated B. discovered C. measured D. stopped44. A. consisted of B. adjusted to C. agreed with D. focused on45. A. simplify B. identify C. intensify D. justify46. A. understand B. form C. describe D. judge47. A. allowing B. inspiring C. instructing D. advising48. A. because B. so C. if D. but
49. A. quicker B. slower C. easier D. tougher50. A. split B. reflect C. decode D. tear
51. A. individual B. common C. modified D. technical52. A. increased B. decreased C. leveled D. degraded53. A. furnished B. mixed C. associated D. armed54. A. passive B. active C. limited D. expanded55. A. tendency B. currency C. accuracy D. fluency【答案】41-45 CBCAB 46-50 BABCC 51-55 AACDC【难度】中等偏难
8、2020宝⼭⼆模
As a child, what did you want to be when you grew up? If you were like most children, you probably let your imagination run41 . Maybe you dreamed of flying into space or being a famous chef. Then perhaps over the years, your dreams becamemore 42 . Or you might have given up on some altogether.
If that's the case, then today's the day for you. January 13th is Make Your Dreams Come True Day. If you've been 43 fulfillingyour dreams, this is the day to make a fresh start.
It's important to dream because dreams can give us the 44 to succeed in life. Dreams inspire and motivate us. The great thingabout dreams is that there's no 45 to accomplish them right away. They might take a few years or they might take a lifetime to46 . The important thing is that you're 47 working toward your dream. And the best way to do that is by setting goals.What is the 48 between a dream and a goal? It's been said that dreams are the final destination; goals are the stops alongthe way.
Dreams can be very 49 . But the steps you take to reach them should be very 50 . Your dreams state what you want, butgoals explain how you'll get there. That makes goal setting a necessary step in 51 your dreams.
Many successful people have spoken about dreams. Former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell stressed the 52 of workingfor your dreams. \"A dream doesn't become reality through magic: it takes sweat, 53 and hard work. \"Author Les Brownreminded us that dreams have no 54 limit. You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.
If you've been dreaming about doing something for years, start today. Write down your dream, and 55 your goals. Then you'llbe on your way to making your dreams come true.41.A. fast B. high C. well D. wild
42.A. colorful B. amazing C. realistic D. attractive43.A. putting off B. taking off C. getting off D. paying off44.A. opportunity B. direction C. energy D. access45.A. pressure B. doubt C. sense D. need46.A. seek B. achieve C. explain D. design47.A. really B. almost C. always D. hardly
48.A. concept B. similarity C. comparison D. difference49.A. unreal B. general C. changeable D. flexible50.A. specific B. abstract C. common D. complicated51.A. imaging B. avoiding C. reaching D. believing52.A. process B. benefit C. consequence D. importance53.A. blood B. determination C. intelligence D. loyalty54.A. age B. extra C. space D. normal55.A. transfer B. convert C. establish D. devote【答案】41-55 DCACA BCDBA CDBAC【难度】中等9、2020奉贤⼆模
Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has (41) ______ it from his life. As a rule, he alwayschooses the second menu item at a restaurant.
This is (42) ______ by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学) (a somewhat new, divisive field) at NorthwesternUniversity. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas--which draw on some controversial ideas in
psychology, including ego depletion out--into a piece of advice that, to (43) ______ happiness, people should \"build a life
that requires (44) ______ decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.
On an instinctive level, Cerf’s idea (45) ______: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the
inputs of (46) ______ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that, (47) ______ consistently ordering the secondmenu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he (48) ______ his decision to his dining partner--which friend he plans toeat with, probably one he trusts--and always lets them pick.
While it's (49) ______ what, if any, scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of researchshowing that choices can sometimes feel more (50) ______ than liberating. An example from Quanta poits (假设) : If youhave a clear love of Snickers(⼠⼒架), choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克⼒) or a Milky Way(⽜奶巧克⼒) should bea (51) ______. And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows, most of the time it is, (52)_______ you introduce more choices. When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, andAlmond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20, includingSnickers, they would sometimes drift away from their (53) ______. When the choices were taken away in later trials, theparticipants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.
As Quanta details, according to a model called \"divisive normalization(分裂归⼀化), which has gained some popularity, theway the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So, if you have two things that are clearly (54)______, brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices arecomparable, the brain does its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices (55) ______ that abilityout.
41. A. relieved B. released C. eliminated D. liberated42. A. influenced B. inherited C. implemented D. informed43. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. seek44. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder
45. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes sense D. plays a part46. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. honored47. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of48. A. conveys B. relates C. submits D. limits49. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable50. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing51. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache52. A. after B. before C. when D. until
53. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. direction54. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct55. A. crowd B. figure C. sort D. put【答案】41-55CDABC BADBA BDADA【难度】中等偏难10、2020闵⾏⼆模
The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It isclosely connected with less pollution, saving money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place insome of the world’s most touristic areas.
The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market ___41___ in the United States. Because of it, many
households were forced to ___42___ their expenses and consequently limit their vacation budget. The shortage of money totravel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most ___43___ surroundings.
At the same time, awareness of the ___44___ impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation,started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with
people— with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on ___45___ a tourist cap.
Staycation appears like a great solution for the ___46___ above mentioned. It is a great way of spending joyful vacationswhile helping one’s ___47___ and the environment. ___48___, staying close to home eliminates the budget foraccommodation and t ransport.
Apart from the financial ___49___ gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren’tcheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful ___50___ in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or areless) used; ___51___, other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are
favored. This allows people’s carbon footprints not to ___52___ as much as they would if long distances had been traveled.A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live inthe ___53___ moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more timeoutdoors in nature with the people you enjoy. There are no fully-booked days, and there is no ___54___ to go from oneactivity to another just to stay busy all the time.
Given the multiple ___55___ of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at workwhen you are asked where you are going on vacation this year.41. A. value B. sector C. crisis D. shares42. A. restrict B. bear C. avoid D. meet
43. A. cheerful B. immediate C. polluted D. attractive44. A. limited B. financial C. cultural D. environmental45. A. introducing B. stopping C. postponing D. raising46. A. challenges B. assessment C. tasks D. applications47. A. voyage B. mind C. pocket D. hometown
48. A. In addition B. For example C. In fact D. On the contrary49. A. services B. advice C. resources D. savings50. A. emissions B. exposure C. vehicles D. strategies51. A. therefore B. instead C. however D. moreover52. A. last B. fall C. increase D. change53. A. historic B. present C. critical D. climatic54. A. good B. harm C. blame D. rush
55. A. advantages B. challenges C. platforms D. themes【答案】41-55. CABDA ACCDA BCBDA【难度】中等11、2020浦东⼆模
Communication, One Major Part of the Scientific Method
Scientists may feel it their duty to share their guesses, methods, and findings with the rest of the scientific community. Thissharing serves two ___41___. First, it supports the basic ideal of skepticism (怀怀怀) by making it possible for others to say,“Oh, yeah? Let me check that.” It tells others where to see what the scientist saw, and what techniques and tools to use.Second, it gets the word out so that others can use what has been discovered. This is essential because science is a(n)___42___ effort. People who work thousands of miles apart build with and upon each other’s discoveries.
The communication of science begins with “peer review”, a process of ___43___ an author’s scholarly work, research orideas to the inspection of other experts. It typically has three stages. The first occurs when a scientist seeks funding—fromgovernment agencies, foundations, or other ___44___ —to carry out a research program. He or she must prepare a reportdescribing the intended work, laying out background, hypotheses (怀怀), planned experiments, expected results, and eventhe ___45___ impacts on other fields. Committees of other scientists then ___46___ the report to see whether the scientist
knows his or her area, has the necessary abilities, and is realistic in his or her plans.
Once the scientist has the needed ___47___, has done the work, and has written a report of the results, that report will go toa scientific journal. Before publishing the report, the journal’s editors will show it to other workers in the same or ___48___fields and ask whether the work was done adequately, the conclusions are justified, and the report should be published.The third stage of peer review happens after publication, when the broader scientific community gets to see and ___49___the work.
This three-stage quality-control process can, of course, be faulty. Any scientist with independent wealth can ___50___ thefirst stage quite easily but such scientists are much, much rarer today than they were a century or so ago. Those who remainare the object of envy. ___51___, it is fair to say that they are not disapproved as are those who avoid the latter two stages ofthe “peer review” mechanisms by using press conferences.
On the other hand, it is certainly possible for the standard peer review mechanisms to ___52___. By their nature, these
mechanisms are more likely to ___53___ ideas that are not different from what the reviewers think they already know. Yet theuntraditional or unconventional ideas are not ___54___ wrong, as Alfred Wegener proved when he tried to gain ___55___for the idea of continental drift in the early twentieth century. It was not until the 1960s that most geologists accepted his ideasas genuine insights.
41. A. purposes B. duties C. interests D. needs42. A. innovative B. prospective C. cooperative D. plain43. A. accustoming B. addicting C. restricting D. subjecting44. A. projects B.sources C. unions D. departments45. A. stronger B. more limited C. more dramatic D. broader46. A. look up B. go over C. long for D. call for47. A. funds B. fields C. impacts D. experiments48. A. different B. chosen C. related D. academic49. A. substitute B. create C. judge D. undertake50.A. reach B. mark C. hold D. skip
51. A. Similarly B. Contrarily C. Surely D. Therefore52. A. fail B. function C. evolve D. work53. A. convey B. overlook C. reject D.approve
54. A. necessarily B. particularly C. dramatically D. terribly55. A. confidence B. acceptance C. strength D. weight【答案】41-55 ACDBD BACCD CADAB【难度】偏难12、2020静安⼆模
How Saving Wildlife Benefits Humans
It’s no secret that we’ve lost an overwhelming number of species within that last four decades. These species have all but__41__ due to overpopulation, deforestation, consumer culture, climate change, animal exploitation, and other harmingsources — all brought about by mankind.
One of the first great rules of terrestrial (陆地的) biology is “no species is forever.” __42__, this rapid loss of species today isestimated to be between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate.As increasingly accepted theorieshave argued, we are now in the midst of the sixth great __43__.
The Earth consists of plants, animals, water, land, the atmosphere, and humans. Biodiversity (⽣物多样性) __44__ the healthof the planet and has a great impact on all our lives. Reduced biodiversity means a future where food supplies are vulnerable
(易受攻击的) to pests and disease, and fresh water is in short supply.If biodiversity __45__ impacts our lives in such bigways, then our conservation (环保) efforts don’t just benefit the environment, they benefit us, too.
One convincing benefit that comes from wildlife conservation efforts is that it ensures food __46__. Wildlife conservationpromotes agricultural biodiversity,which plays an important role in building a secure and healthy food system. Whenagricultural biodiversity is __47__ and land is cleared for agriculture, extensive habitat loss takes place, as well asundocumented loss of species and massive soil erosion (侵蚀).
Another benefit that comes from wildlife conservation is that these __48__protect human health.Conservation Internationalreports that “more than 50 percent of modern medicines and more than 90 percent of traditional medicines come from wildplants and animals.” __49__, a world that promotes healthy ecosystems and biodiversity provides crucial buffers(缓冲)
between disease and humans. A number of studies have __50__ reduced diversity among mammal(哺乳动物) species andoverall decreases in biodiversity to an increase in the transmission (传播) of animal-born diseases to humans.
Perhaps the most convincing benefit that comes from wildlife conservation is that it provides us with __51__, whether it beeconomically or socially. Increasing biodiversity and healthy ecosystems improve agricultural productivity, thereby allowingfarms to become more __52__. Healthy ecosystems that are home to unique species __53__ tourists from around the world,which helps the local economy and invites in a new fusion of investment.
Our unsustainable, unconscious, self-interested relationship with the environment has led us into an extremely destructibleworld. If we do not take action and __54__ changing our ways, we are at risk of losing more vital and __55__ ecosystemsand biodiversity, or at least until the sixth great extinction claims one final species: our own.41. A. changed B. existed C. disappeared D. evolved42. A. Furthermore B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise43. A. extinction B. destruction C. evolution D. immigration44. A. threatens B. localizes C. strengthens D. endangers45. A. infrequently B. potentially C. regionally D. directly46. A. management B. inspection C. development D. security47. A. identified B. cultivated C. exploited D. valued
48. A. initiatives B. consequences C. intentions D. contributions49. A. In addition B. After all C. In particular D. By contrast50. A. adapted B. turned C. adjusted D. linked
51. A. protections B. opportunities C. services D. nutrients52. A. standard B. welcome C. scarce D. profitable53. A. discourage B. attract C. forbid D. protect54. A. feel like B. keep on C. set about D. argue for
55. A. irreplaceable B. unpredictable C. unlimited D. imbalanced【答案】41-55 CBACD DCAAD BDBCA【难度】中等13、2020青浦⼆模
Facial-Recognition Technology Cannot Read Emotions
Do not believe claims that facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions, advised several scientistsat the 2020 AAAS Annual Meeting in Seattle.
Such claims that a photo of a face can be easily __41__ are based on a flawed theory that we smile when we are happy andscowl(沉下脸)when angry, said Professor Aleix Martinez. “There’s no way that technology will ever be able to detect __42__that you’re experiencing following that approach,” Martinez said.
Research shows that, on average, people scowl only 30% of the time that they are angry, said Lisa Feldman Barrett,professor of psychology at Northeastern University. The rest of the time, they make other faces when they are angry, she
said. __43__, people may scowl for other reasons — “when they’re concentrating, when someone tells them a bad joke,” shesaid. “Any AI that is claiming to detect a scowl and interpreting it as anger has some real __44__.”
So much goes into communicating our emotions beyond our __45__ movements. Other factors involving little use of
language include our body pose, body movement and hormone responses like those that cause one’s face to go red fromembarrassment or __46__, said Martinez.
Martinez offered an example of the importance of having enough information. For instance, when he showed people a photoof a __47__ man with his mouth wide open and his eyes nearly closed, most thought the man was extremely angry, hisresearch showed. Yet anyone viewing the context — that the subject was a soccer player — could __48__ that he wasdisplaying excitement while celebrating a goal.
A mistake like this may not matter much, but so-called emotion-recognition technology has a larger reach. The technology’s__49__ to incorporate facial movements could have serious, even dangerous outcomes, said Martinez. AI is sometimes usedin classrooms, in the judicial (司法的) system and in hiring for jobs, he noted. Many of these systems learn from U.S. andEuropean data __50__ by white people. Such inputs could negatively impact, for instance, the hiring of candidates of otherraces, Martinez said. “I think we have to take seriously the __51__ in which this AI is being used,” said Barrett.
Seth Pollak, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, shared research about the __52__ of our abilityto understand facial expressions and emotions. For several decades, scientists thought that infants arrived into the world witha little understanding about emotions, Pollak said. To the contrary, babies do not express __53__ emotions. They have adistress system that broadcasts whether they are OK or not. Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad, andresearch shows that even with incredibly brief levels of exposure to contextual information, very young children start to
change how they __54__ their inferences about other people’s emotions. “Human brains are actually able to __55__ patternsand make inferences about what might be happening at a sophisticated computational level with actually very littleexperience.” he said.
41. A. recognized B. interpreted C. noticed D. realized42. A. emotions B. experiences C. incidents D. impacts43. A. Therefore B. However C. Anyway D. Additionally44. A. outlooks B. problems C. results D. mysteries45. A. body B. brain C. facial D. gesture
46. A. disappointment B. unemotionality C. excitement D. shock47. A. red-faced B. long-eyed C. round-shouldered D. short-haired48. A. propose B. ensure C. indicate D. infer49. A. failure B. capability C. fight D. initiative
50. A. dominated B. calculated C. concluded D. preserved51. A. approach B. direction C. context D. contest52. A. varieties B. differences C. resources D. origins53. A. specific B. internal C. strong D. uncomfortable54. A. pick B. categorize C. express D. expect55. A. take out B. bring out C. carry out D. figure out【答案】41-55 BADBC CADBA CDABD【难度】偏难14、2020虹⼝⼆模
For years, life went something like this: We’d grow up in one place, headoff to college, then find a city to live in for a few years to pursue a job or
higher education. The end goal was to find somewhere to __41__ for the longtrip, buy a house, make a few friends, start a family, and begin the whole__42__ all over again.
But a new model for living is emerging: Some people are increasinglychoosing to move from city to city throughout their entire lives, sometimes as__43__ as every month.
Just ask Alex Chatzielefteriou, who has had a front-row seat watching this evolution __44__ and believes in the huge impactit is making or will make on the industry concerned. Six years ago, he __45__ a startup which is now called Blueground thatrents out beautifully-designed, __46__ apartments for a month at a time, at rates that are cheaper than hotels. Today, the
company has 3,000 __47__ in six U.S. cities, along with Dubai, Istanbul, London, Paris, and Alex’s native Athens, and a staffof 400.The company just __48__ $50 million in Series B funding, bringing its total investment to $78 million, to continue itsrapid __49__. It hopes to have 50,000 estates in 50 cities over the next three years, and the goal is to make each one feelunique and comfortable, rather than __50__, like what you might find in a traditional hotel.
Alex first came up with the idea for Blueground while he was working as a management consultant for McKinsey. “The__51__ of choice for consultants is the hotel,” he says. “I had to spend five years in a hotel room, __52__ in twelve differentcities. I loved seeing the world, but I didn’t love feeling like I didn’t have a home.” As he spoke to his friends and coworkers,he realized that many people buried themselves in __53__ due to this drifting lifestyle that meant living out of a suitcase inthe same few non-descript hotel chains that all began to mix together rather than in the “home” full of their own memories.__54__, Alex found that hotels aren’t a particularly cost-effective solution for companies, either. __55__, McKinsey
sometimes paid $10,000 or more for him to stay in a major city for a month, which was far more expensive than local rents.Is this new living model something that will really take off? Or is it just another flash in the pan? Let’s wait and see.41.A. move out B. settle down C. look around D. show up42.A. style B. rhythm C. cycle D. trend
43.A. rarely B. frequently C. occasionally D. unusually44.A. unfold B. recover C. improve D. shrink45.A. completed B. involved C. launched D. overtook
46.A. fully-furnished B. poorly-equipped C. ideally-suited D. newly-decorated47.A. landmarks B. vacancies C. properties D. terminals48.A. deposited B. reserved C. granted D. obtained
49.A. distribution B. expansion C. combination D. stimulation50.A. casual B. special C. normal D. irregular
51.A. attendance B. residence C. destination D. accommodation52.A. wandering B. touring C. observing D. exploring53.A. threat B. guilt C. danger D. frustration
54.A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Briefly D. Consequently55.A. In a sense B. In his case C. On the scene D. On this occasion【答案】41-45:BCBAC 46-50: ACDBC 51-55: DADAB【难度】中等15、2020嘉定⼆模
The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math
Drinking coffee has benefits. 41 the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may evenhelp us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent (⽓味) of coffee may help people perform better on theanalytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer
by many business schools.
The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only 43 the hidden force of scent and the cognitive (认知)improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also the expectation that students will perform better on those tasks.Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.
“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already 44 ,” says
Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstrated that this expectation was at least partly 45their improved performance.”
46 , smelling a coffee-like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting aplacebo (安慰剂) effect of coffee scent.
Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. Onegroup took the test in the 47 of a coffee-like scent, while a control group took the same test—but in an unscented room. Theyfound that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.
Madzh arov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by anexpectation that a coffee scent would increase 48 and consequently improve performance?
The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on 49 about
various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic inthe presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that 50 to coffee scent would increase theirperformance on mental tasks. The results suggest that 51 about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scentalone makes people more alert and energetic.
Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) 52 placebo effect on other types ofperformance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding — that coffee-like scent acts as a placebo foranalytical reasoning performance—has many practical 53 , including several for business.
“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Empl oyers, architects, building developers, retailspace managers and others, can use scents to help 54 employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s anarea of great interest and 55 .”
41. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Equivalent to42. A. acquired B. required C. justified D. inquired43. A. distributes B. stimulates C. dominates D. highlights44. A. encouraging B. imposing C. conflicting D. challenging45. A. characterized by B. called for C. responsible for D. typical of46. A. In short B. By comparison C. In particular D. After all47. A. lack B. shift C. withdrawal D. presence
48. A. comprehension B. alertness C. conscience D. context49. A. evidence B. definition C. symptom D. belief
50. A. adaptation B. commitment C. exposure D. alternative51. A. implication B. expectation C. indication D. illustration52. A. similar B. concrete C. modified D. estimated
53. A. simplifications B. descriptions C. resignations D. applications54. A. enhance B. evaluate C. exploit D. prospect
55. A. negotiation B. priority C. potential D. strategy【答案】41-45: CBDAC 46-50: ADBDC51-55: BADAC【难度】中等偏难16、2020⾦⼭⼆模
If you like to take a walk in the woods in the United States or you prefer to decorate a tree at Christmas, you should know thatclimate change is making both of those activities a lot more ___41___.
Looking at two ___42___ and economically important species——the Douglas fir and the Ponderosa pine ——scientistsfound that fires and drought ___43___ by climate change make new growth difficult, especially in low-elevation forests,according to a study published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Some forests in four regions in California, Colorado, the Northern Rockies and the southwestern part of the United Stateshave crossed “a(n) ___44___ climate tipping (转折) point for post-fire tree generation,” the study says.
Climate conditions over the past 20 years have ___45___ changes that would have taken decades or even centuries to___46___ across broad regions of the country. This is leading to the sudden ___47___ of trees and making these landsincreasingly unsuitable for tree regeneration.
“Climate change is ___48___ our forests now, not just in some distant future. Maybe in areas where there are really___49___ seed sources, there could be some trees, but it is becoming really hard to get these trees back due to climatechange,”said study co-author Kim Davis.
The problem probably won’t get any better, as climate change is making intense wildfires much more ___50___. Westernforesters say there used to be a fire season. But devastating and ___51___ fires have become a reality all year long. In 2018,fire cost California more than $9.05 billion, according to the USA insurance commissioner, the deadliest and most destructivewildfire season in the ___52___ history.
A higher number of fires and low seed availability means a high probability that these trees in these regions won’t comeback, Davis said. This study ___53___ on the driest and hottest areas of the Western forests, but researchers will next try tofocus on how much will be impacted.
___54___, there are some things people can do to ease some of this problem. Forest management plans that reduce high-severity burns can help. Increasingly, forest managers are considering allowing some fires to burn under more moderateconditions, Davis said. Forest ___55___ can also replant trees after fire, at least in the areas where climate conditions willallow.
41. A. convenient B. difficult C. encouraging D. frustrating42. A. ecologically B. apparently C. physically D. financially43. A. destroyed B. worsened C. extended D. established44. A. necessary B. enormous C. critical D. invisible45. A. accelerated B. delayed C. eliminated D. strengthened46. A. transform B. spread C. preserve D. escape47. A. extinction B. decline C. tragedy D. increase
48. A. sustaining B. abandoning C. facilitating D. endangering49. A. sufficient B. limited C. moderate D. approximate50. A. occasional B. common C. essential D. temporary51. A. astonishing B. hopeless C. costly D. irreversible52. A. world B. state C. human D. forest
53. A. concentrated B. depended C. insisted D. commented54. A. As a result B. For example C. In fact D. What’s more
55. A. savers B. managers C. researchers D. advocates 【答案】41-55: BABCA BBDAB CBACB【难度】中等
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容