虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实或者是不可能发生的情况，或是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
1．在条件状语从句中的用法
英语中有两种条件句：真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示所提出的假设实现的可能性小或与事实相反，在这种非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。具体形式和用法如下：
(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设 句型：条件从句 主句 If he_____ here, everything _______ all right. 要是他在这儿，一切都没问题了。(可是他并不在这儿)
(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设 句型：条件从句 主句 If she_________ harder, she _____________ 如果她工作再努力点的话，她就会成功了。(她以前工作不够努力，没有成功)
(3)表示对将来的假设 句型：条件从句 主句 If you_____, everything would be all right. ＝If you___________, everything would be all right. ＝If you __________, everything would be all right. 如果你成功的话，一切都会好起来的。
(4)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。
Without your help(＝If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。
But for electricity(＝If there were no electricity), there would be no modern
industry.
要是没电，就不会有现代工业。
I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late. 我一路跑到学校，不然就迟到了。
(5)主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you________ him yesterday, you _________what to do now. 如果你昨天问一问他的话，你现在就知道做什么了。 (从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)
(6)虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were，should或had，可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到从句句首，构成倒装。
_________________, they could help us. ＝If they were here now, they could help us.
如果他们现在在这儿的话，他们就会帮助我们了。 Should it rain, the crops would be saved. ＝____________, the crops would be saved. 如果下雨的话，庄稼就会得救了。
_____________________, you would have met him. ＝If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早点来的话，就会见到他了。 2．在宾语从句中的用法：
(1)在wish和would rather后的宾语从句中，意为“但愿……”；“希望……”；“……就好了”。其句型为：主句主语＋wish/would rather＋that＋从句主语＋
从句did或 were （表示与现在事实相反的愿望） 从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should)（表示与过去相反的愿望） 从句谓语动词用would (could)+动词原形 （表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望） I wish I were rich. 但愿我很富有。
I wish I hadn't told him that. 要是我没告诉他那事就好了。
He would rather he hadn't lent Tom money last week. 他宁愿自己上周没借给汤姆钱。
(2)在表“建议；命令” suggest，order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气_________的形式，其中____可省略。
I suggest we__________ right now.
｛ 我建议我们现在就出发。
He insisted that we(should)take up the matter at the meeting. 他坚持要我们在会上谈这个问题。
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”和suggest表示“表明；暗示”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。
3．在it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important等结构后的主语从句，用虚拟语气。
It is requested that every teacher in our class(should)give a performance at the party. 我们班级的每一位老师都得在晚会上表演节目。
It is important that we(should)study both Chinese and English well when we are young.
我们正值年轻，对我们来说学好汉语和英语是很重要的。
4．在suggestion, proposal, order, plan等名词后面的表语从句中或同位语从句中，用虚拟语气。
He gave orders that the guests(should)be hospitably entertained. 他下令热情款待这些客人。
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups. 我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。
5．在as if/though引导的状语从句或表语从句中。 She always talks to me as if she were my sister. 她总是以我姐姐的语气跟我说话。 He walks slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他走得很慢，好像腿受伤的样子。
6．在It's(high/about)time that...句型中，用虚拟语气。
It's time that you went to fetch your daughter from the kindergarten. 是你去幼儿园接你女儿的时候了。 It's high time that the weather improved. 天气真该好起来了。
7．if only引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气，表示愿望。 If only he were here! 要是他在这儿就好了。
If only I had not been ill last week! 要是上周我没病该多好啊！
Ⅱ.地点状语从句、条件状语从句
和让步状语从句
1．地点状语从句
在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导地点状语从句的常用引导词有：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere等。地点状语从句相当于to/in/from the place(s)where...或in/to/from any place where...结构。
We live where the road crosses the river. 我们住在河流与街道交叉的地方。 Make marks where you have questions. 在有问题的地方作出标记。 You can go anywhere you like. 你可以到你想去的任何地方。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
提示：地点状语从句一般可以转化为定语从句，只要在where前加上to/in/from the place，便可变为定语从句。上面带有地点状语从句的句子可改为下面带有定语从句的句子，意义不变。
We live in a place where the road crosses the river. Make marks in places where you have questions. You can go to any place where you like.
In places where there is a will, there is a way. 2．条件状语从句
在句子中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。引导条件状语从句的常用引导词为：if, unless, as/so long as, once, in case, on condition that, supposing(that), providing(that), provided(that), given(that)等。
If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman. 如果明天下雪，我们就堆雪人。 You'll be late again unless you hurry. 如若不快点你又要迟到了。
As/So long as you promise to come(＝Only if you promise to come), I'll wait for you until you come.
只要你答应，我就等到你来。 In case it rains, do not expect me. 如若下雨，就不要等我了。
I will do it on condition that you help me. 只要你肯帮助我，我就愿意做此事。
Providing/Supposing/Given/Provided(that)you promise not to tell anyone else, I'll tell the secret.
只要你保证不告诉任何人，我就把这个秘密讲给你听。 3．让步状语从句
在句子中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句。让步状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时可置于句中。让步状语从句通常由下列词或短语引导：though, although, even though, even if, as, whether...or not..., whether or not, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, whosever, whenever, wherever, however等。
(1)though/although，这两个词在一般情况下几乎完全相同，though比although通俗，但不如although那么正式，两者通常互换使用。
Although/Though she works very hard, (yet)she makes very slow progress. 尽管她尽了力，但还是进步不快。
Young though she is, she has travelled to many countries to put on shows. 她尽管年轻，但已到过很多国家进行演出。
(2)even though/even if，这两个短语表示语气更强的让步，常常译为“再退一步说’。
Even though the learning is slow and painful, the result is wonderful. 学习尽管是缓慢而艰苦的，可结果是美好的。 Even though/Even if you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这么说，我也不信。
(3)as表示“让步”时常用倒装。倒装时如若有带冠词的名词，冠词需要省去；形容词、副词、动词等提到句首时都要用原形。
Pop star as/though she is, she still needs to improve. 尽管已是流行歌手，她仍需要努力。 Fail as/though I did, I would never give up. 尽管我失败了，但我不放弃。
(4)whether(...)or not/whether...or...的用法
All the nations should be equal, whether they are strong or not. 所有国家都应平等，不管它们是否强大。
Sports will be of great value to people, whether they are men or women, old or young.
体育对于人来说是很有价值的，不管他们是男是女，是老人还是小孩。
(5)wh-ever类词在引导让步状语从句时常可换成no matter＋相应的wh-词，在引
导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever。
Whenever I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.(No matter when I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.)
不管什么时候我不高兴，我的朋友总是给我鼓励。
I'll wait for you however late it is.(＝I'll wait for you no matter how late it is.) 不管有多晚我都会等着你。
高考直击 语法填空 (1)(2014·陕西改编) We would rather our daughter ________(stay)at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
(2)(2013·陕西改编)My mom suggests that we________eat out for a change this weekend.
(3)(2014·重庆改编)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.
(4)(2014·天津改编)________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
(5)(2014·北京改编)________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
(6)(2014·湖南改编) You will never gain success ______ you are fully devoted to your work.
即学即用 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Don't handle the vase as if it ________(be) made of steel.
2．Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________(live) there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
3．We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ______(visit) more places of interest yesterday.
4．Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
5．Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he ________(do) something instead of just talking.
6．If my car ________(be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
7．George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he________(focus) more on its culture.
Ⅱ.用合适的连接词填空 1．(2012·北京)—Look at those clouds!
—Don't worry. ____ it rains, we'll still have a great time. 2．(2012·四川)If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay ________ you are and wait for help.
3．All the dishes in this menu，________otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
4．You may use the room as you like________you clean it up afterwards.
5．You should make it a rule to leave things________you can find them again. 6．Tim is in good shape physically ________ he doesn't get much exercise.
7．One can always manage to do more things, no matter ________ full one's schedule is in life.
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．________________(除非被邀请), I won't go to his party.
2．_________________(尽管他是个小孩)，he knows a lot.
3．_________________(不管问题多么困难), he always managed to solve it. 4．It is ordered that the paper ______________________(交上来) today. 5．His expression suggested that ____________________(他生气了)． 6．__________________(不管你去哪里), I will go with you. 7．Put the book ____________________(原来的地方)．
8．The teacher recommended we ___________________(读这本书) written by the author.
9．______________________(只要你努力学习), you can't fail the exam. 10．At last he accepted my advice that we _____________(推迟会议)．
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．—Why wasn't the conference held on time? —For the ________ of you. A．intention B．absence C．glory D．lack
2．Both sides are determined to get what they want, and there seems to be no possibility of ________.
A．promotion B．development C．contribution D．compromise
3．His words remind me ________ we did together during the past holiday. A．that B．of that C．what D．of what 4．Mr Jones holds strong views against video games and ________ the closing of all recreation facilities for such games.
A．assists B．acknowledges C．advocates D．admits
5．We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________，dogs give us their all.
A．in all B．in fact C．in short D．in return
6．Your application for a loan ________. A．has gone out B．goes through C．has gone over D．has gone through
7．The voyages of travellers before the 17th century showed that they were not ________ the sea even though they didn't have modern navigational aids.
A．at the expense of B．at the risk of C．in the way of D．at the mercy of
8．What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There ________ be twelve. A．should B．would C．will D．shall
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