Key words:
Oxford 牛津(英国城市), 牛津大学A borough of south-central England onthe Thames River west-northwest ofLondon. First mentioned in 912, it waschartered in 1605. Oxford University,with its famed “dreaming spires,”
the 12th century and still dominates the center of the city. Population, 114,400.
was founded in
牛津：
英格兰中南部的一个区，位于泰晤士河之滨，伦敦西北偏西。912 年第一次被提及到，
1605 年被特许立市。
牛津大学，有著名的“梦想之
颠”，
建于 12 世纪并且仍然居于整个城市的中心地位。人口 114,400
Cambridge 剑桥(英国城市, 剑桥大学所在地)
A municipal borough of east-centralEngland on the Cam River north-northeast of London. It is an ancientmarket town and the site of CambridgeUniversity, established in the 12th to13th century. Population, 100,200.剑桥：英格兰中东部的一座享有自治权的市镇，靠近剑河且位于伦敦市东北偏北。
纪。人口 100,200
它是古代的一座城镇，也是剑桥大学所在地，建于 12 到 13 世
The University of Auckland: 奥克兰The largest city of New Zealand, on anisthmus of northwest North Island. It isa major port and an industrial center.Metropolitan area population, 860,000.
奥克兰：新西兰最大的城市，位
于北岛西北部地峡。是主要海港及工
业中心。市区人口 860,000
Harvard University 美国哈佛大学
Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学
Boston University 波士顿(美国马萨诸塞州首府)
Commitment [kə'mitmənt]委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务，承诺，保证; 确定，实行
eg. I've taken on too many commitments.我承担的义务太多了。
He doesn't want to get married becausehe is afraid of any commitments.
他不想结婚,因为他害怕承担任何责任。
Undertake promise to do or accomplish承担, 担任, 许诺, 保证undertake a task.开始进行一项任务
（常与 to+ inf 连用）答应；同意
I undertook to teach the children English.我答应教孩子们英语。
Innovation: The act of introducing
something new; a creation (a new deviceor process) resulting from study andexperimentation 革新；创新同义词：invention
eg. The mass movement for technicalinnovation is vigorously forging aheadin the factory.
群众性的技术革新运动正在该厂蓬勃开展。
excel [ik'sel] distinguish oneselfvt. 超过，优于vi. 胜出
n. [计] 电子表格（软件名称）
eg. They each excel in their respective fields.
他们在各自领域里都是出类拔萃的。
eg.His wife excels him in strategically ability.同义词surpass，exceed，他的妻子在战略上胜过他。
transcend， outdo, stand outsurpass, excel, exceed
这些动词均有“超过、胜过”之意。
surpass: 多用以强调优点、长处、技能或质量等方面的超过。
excel: 指在成绩、成就或学识上胜过他人。exceed:
既可指超出权利、权力的限
度、管辖范围，或超过规定的时间范围，又可指在数量、程度或大小等方面的超过。
Cosmopolitan adj.世界性的,全球(各
地)的
Pertinent or common to the whole world:与整个世界有关的，对整个世界普遍的：an issue of cosmopolitan import.世界进口问题
n.（名词）
A cosmopolitan person or organism; acosmopolite.
世界主义者：世界公民；世界性生物；四海为
Stimulating 刺激的, 有刺激性的rousing or quickening activity or the
senses; making lively and cheerful
Enrollment[in'rəulmənt]登记, 注册, 入伍, 入会, 入学
The class has an enrollment of 27 students.班里注册人数是 27 名学生A record or an entry. 登记簿同义词：registration
award: 授予, 判给
The school awarded Merry a prize (for hergood work).
学校（因为她工作好而）奖励了梅丽。
1.Oxford / commitment / academic record
2.oldest / largest / reputation / research /science
3.first / Australia / 150 years / excels
4.excellence / 17, 000 / location
5.largest / 1883 / situated / 26, 000
6.1636 / enrollment /18, 500 / schools
7.awards / degrees / 20, 000
8.located / 135 / third
B
Online
Academic degrees 学位Social experience 社会经验
bachelor 单身汉, 文理学士,
Vocabulary:
Progress 前进, 进步, 发展vi.前进, 进步, 进行To advance; proceed:
前进；进步：
Work on the new building progressed at arapid rate.
快速地修建新建筑
To advance toward a higher or betterstage; improve steadily:
进步：向更高或更好的阶段前进，稳定地改善：
as technology progresses.随着技术进步
progress in the art of agriculture
农业技术的进步
You have made progress with your English.你的英语进步了。
in progress 正在进展中
The building of the largest bridge acrossthe river in Adia is in progress.
这座亚洲最大的一座跨江大桥正在建设中。
vi.前进
The year is progressing; it will soon bewinter again.
\"时光不断流逝,冬天又快到了。\"有进展
Our company cannot progress until weemploy more people.
我们公司只有雇用更多的人才能发展。Modern medical science is progressingrapidly in the countries all over the world.现代医学在世界各国都进展很快。Mary is progressing in the art of knitting.玛丽的编织技术不断进步。
online
computers
academic
bachelor’s
social
educational
progress
computer
problem-solving
online
reading
like
travel
time
Professors
communication
traditional
part 2Vocabulary
comprehensive school 综合中学a large British or Canadian secondaryschool for children of all abilities
GCSE examination
abbr.普通中等教育证书(=GeneralCertificate of Secondary Education)
A level 甲级考试，特种学科考试的甲级考试
the advanced level of a subject taken inschool (usually two years after O level)
Sophomore['sɔfəmɔ:]
大学二年级生, 有二年经验的人
a second-year undergraduate second-yearundergraduate
Provincial 省的
Diploma [di'pləumə]
a document certifying the successfulcompletion of a course of study
毕业文凭， 由教育机构诸如大学颁发的证书，以证明接受者已获得学位或已成功地完成某项学业
Certificate 证书；凭证；执照
a document attesting to the truth ofcertain stated facts
sit (for) an exam = take
entrée ['ɔntrei] n. 入场，入场许可，主菜right of admission; the right to enter
eg. Her wealth and reputation gave her(an) entree into upper-class circles.
她的财富和声望使她得以进入上层社会。
B.
primary Secondary
Britain 511
Junior 11 USA 6
Senior 14
Permissi1616
Australia 5
Canada 6
Intermediate 1611
High 12/131316
C.
1.
GCSE examinations
2.
Students / higher education
3.
Student / second year / high school /college
4.
General exam / School Certificate
5.
Sitting University Entrance Examination
6.
Bachelor’s degree: 3 /4 years
Master’s degree: another year or two
Doctorate: a further 3 – 7 years
TAPESCRIPT
WELL, in Britain, from the age of five toabout 11 you start off at a primary school,and then from 11 to sixteen you go on to asecondary school or a comprehensiveschool and at sixteen you take GCSEexaminations. After this, some childrentake vocational courses or even start work.Others stay on at school for another 2years to take A-levels. And at the age ofeighteen, after A levels, they might finishtheir education or go on to a course ofhigher education at a college or university,and that’s usually for three years.
M: Well, it depends on what state you’rein but… er…most kids in the UnitedStates start school at about six…er…when they go to elementary schooland that goes from the first grade up tothe sixth grade. Some kids go to akindergarten the year before that. Thenthey go on to junior high school, that’sabout 11, and that’s 7th, 8th and 9th grades.
And then they go on to senior high schoolaround age fourteen starting in the tenthgrade and finishing in the twelfth gradeusually. Some students will leave schoolat sixteen and they’ll start work, but mostof them stay on to graduate from highschool at age eighteen. In the first year athigh school or college students are called“freshmen,” in the second they’re called“sophomores,” in the third year we callthem “juniors” and in the fourth yearthey’re called “seniors.” Now a lot ofhigh school graduates then go to collegeor university and they do a four-year firstdegree course. Some of them might go tojunior college which is a two-year course.N: Well, in Australia, well in most statesanyway, children start their primaryeducation at five after perhaps a brieftime in kindergarten. They will stay atprimary school until they’re about eleven,then they’ll either stay there or go to an
intermediate school for a couple of years.Then they start high school usually twelveor thirteen, which you start in the thirdform. Now, after three years at highschool you sit a general exam, some statescall it School Certificate and that is a sortof general qualification. After that youcan leave school at sixteen or you can goon and sit your University EntranceExamination, which then gives you entréeinto a university or it’s another usefulqualification, and from then on you go tovarious sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincialresponsibility, but schools areadministered by local school boards.
Kindergarten is for children who arefour or five years old. Children beginformal full-day schooling in Grade 1,when they are about six years old. Theymust stay in school at least until they are
sixteen. However, most students continueto finish high school. Some go on tocollege or university.
Each year of schooling represents onegrade. (The school year extends from thebeginning of September to the end ofJune.) Elementary school includeskindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondaryschool (or high school) may start in Grade8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues untilGrade 12.
In Canada, students may go touniversity or to a community college. Ifthey want to learn skills for a specific job,they attend college for one to four yearsto get a diploma or certificate. Forexample, lab technicians, child-careworkers, and hotel managers go to college.Universities offer degree programs aswell as training in certain professions,such as law, medicine, and teaching.
Universities offer three main levels of
degrees. Students earn a bachelor’sdegree after three or four years of study.A master’s degree can take another yearor two. A doctorate may take a furtherthree to seven years to complete.
Part 3Key words
Snob n. 势利小人，自命不凡的人[英]鞋匠
a person regarded as arrogant and annoyingadj. snobby; snobbish
Snob value
eg. This car sells well because of its snob value.
这种汽车很有派头，因此很畅销。
Promotion: Advancement in rank orresponsibility.
晋升, 在职位或责任上的前进He has got a promotion.他被提升了。
Craftsman：A man who practices a craftwith great skill.
手艺人, 熟练使用某种手艺的人
decent['di:snt]高雅体面的；象样的，足够的达到了可接受的标准的；足够的：socially or conventionally correct;refined or virtuous； Meeting acceptedstandards; adequate:a decent salary.
一份相当不错的薪水
eg. His first novel was a flash in the pan,and he hasn't written anything decent since.他的第一部小说如昙花一现，此后他再没写出像样的东西。
Humble
(1) Low in rank, quality, or station;
unpretentious or lowly:
下贱的，朴实无华的在级别上、质量上、位置上低的；谦卑的或卑下的：a humble cottage.一座简陋的小屋
(2) 谦逊的；恭顺的
The doctor was humble about his although he cured many people.
这位医生虽然治好了许多人的病，但他对他的工作仍很谦逊。
Colleague 同事, 同僚
work,Reject: To refuse to accept, submit to,believe, or make use of.
拒绝, 拒绝接受，屈服，相信或使用拒绝；不接受
He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了当地拒绝了他们 的邀请。We rejected his idea for a music club, anddecided to have an art club instead.
我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。
Oblige
(1) 迫使，使感到必须做（某事）She was obliged to go.她不得不走。
The police obliged him to leave.警方强迫他离开。
(2) 施惠；帮…的忙
Please oblige me by closing the door.请帮我把门关上。
I'm much obliged to you.我非常感谢你帮忙。
Circumstances oblige me to do that.情况使我不得不那样做。I am sorry I cannot oblige you.很抱歉, 我不能答应你的请求。Please oblige me with your presence.
务请光临。
A.1.
a kind of snob value
2.
to have a piece of paper
3.
obtain a certificate or a diploma first
4.
relatively unimportant
5.
get a degree
6.
a proper education
7.
allow people to become expert / obligethem to follow a set course of
instruction
B.1, 4, 7
supporting ideas and facts2, 3, 5, 6
TAPESCRIPT
Education has acquired a kind of snob
value in modern times. We are no longercontent to be honest craftsmen skilled atour work through years of patient practice.Nowadays if we want to get a decent job,we have to have a piece of paper. If wewant to get promotion in even a humblestjob, we have to obtain a certificate ordiploma first. We may know that we willbe better at the job than the man withpaper qualifications, but our experienceand practical skills are regarded asrelatively unimportant. “Johnsonwould’ve been a manager by now if he’dtaken the trouble to get a degree,” hiscolleagues say. “He’s a clever man, hecouldn’ve done anything if he’d had aproper education.” I wonder if, as timegoes on, we should discover that manypeople whose practical experience andability would have been enormouslyuseful to their employers have beenrejected on the ground that they are
insufficiently quanlified. Would it not bebetter to allow people to become expert ina way most suited to them rather thanoblige them to follow a set course ofinstruction, which may offer noopportunity for them to develop skills inwhich they would’ve become expert ifleft to themselves?
cognitive psychology 认知心理学
part 4
implication 含意, 暗示hypothesis 假设；前提
This is only a sort of scientific hypothesiswhich has not been proved by experiments这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说。
Utterance 意见, Anticipate 预见,
orientate 朝向quality-oriented
part 4
说话, 发表, 的方式,
说话communicative activity
extended
continuously
specific readiness
constantly setting up
constantly testing
what he has heard in reality
out of his expectation
get the message
Familiarity
knowledge
the setting
already
take in
pre-listening preparation
give some thought to
related materials
vocabulary work
fully orientated
Active thinking
ahead of
logical and intelligent
know generally
exactly
next utterance
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