paraphrase

LESSON 1

1) little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people---- little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another

2) Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market.--- Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.

3) they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down---- they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.

4) he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining-----He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.

5) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear--- As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.

LESSON 2

1)Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them----They were so absorbed in their conversation that they

seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.

2)the cab driver’s door popped open at the very sight of a traveler.----As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.

3)the rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.---The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.

4)I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the propect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.---1 suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.

5)the few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.----The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was．

6)after three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.---After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude．

7)I was about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie.---1 was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant．His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking．

8)I thought somehow I had been spared.---I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me．

LESSON 3

1)The prospects of a good catch looked bleak---- It was not at all possible to catch a large amount of fish.

2) He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. ---Following the layers of ice in the core sample, his finger came to the place where the layer of ice was formed 2050 years ago.

3) Keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together--- keeps its engines running for fear that if he stops them, the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again

4) Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef---- Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughtered and the beef can be used in ham- burgers.

5) Which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard--- nce miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists, thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will become extinct.

6) Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise.---- Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of practice in conjecture (speculation), it has got practical Value.

7) We are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness---- We are using and destroying resources in such a huge amount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness.

8) Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can’ t see these clouds for what they are--- Or have we been so accustomed to the bright electric lights that we fail to understand the threatening implication of these clouds.

9) To come to the question another way--- To put forword the question in a different way

10)and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies--- and greatly affect the living places and activities of human societies

11)we seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth’ s natural systems--- We seem unaware that the earth's natural systems are delicate.

12) And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated

exponentially.--- And this continuing revolution has also suddenly developed at a speed that doubled and tripled the original speed.

LESSON 4

1) She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand---- She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life.

2)\"no\" is a word the world never learned to say to her--- She could always have anything she wanted, and life was extremely generous to her.

3) Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.--- The popular TV talk show star, Johnny Carson, who is famous for his witty and glib tongue, has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me.

4) It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight--- It seems to me that I have talked to them always ready to leave as quickly as possible.

5) She washed us in a river of make-believe--- She imposed on us lots of falsity.

6) Burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know--- imposed on us a lot of knowledge that is totally useless to us

7) Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.--- She is not bright

just as she is neither good-looking rich.

8) A dress to the ground, in this hot weather.--- Dee wore a very long dress even on such a hot day.

9) You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it.--- You can see me trying to move my body a couple of seconds before I finally manage to push myself up.

10) Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie.--- Soon he knows that won't do for Maggie, so he stops trying to shake hands with Maggie.

11) Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches.--- As I see Dee is getting tired of this, I don't want to go on either. In fact, I could have traced it far back before the Civil War along the branches of the family tree.

12) Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head. -- Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way.

13) Less than that. ---If Maggie put the old quilts on the bed, they would be in rags less than five years.

14) This was the way she knew God to work.--- She knew this was God's arrangement.

LESSON 5

1) Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A.---Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S. the support of those who were enemies of Communism.

2) Winant said the same would be true of the U. S. A.---Winant said the United States would adopt the same attitude.

3) My life is much simplified thereby.---In this way, my life is made much easier in this case, it will be much easier for me to decide on my attitude towards events.

4) I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it.---I will not take back a single word of what I have said about Communism.

5) I see the Greman bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.--- I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, who, after suffering severe losses in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.

6) We shall be strengthened not weakened in determination and in resources.---We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resources.

7) Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain.---Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful

LESSON 6

1) The house detective's piggy eyes surveyed her sardonically from his gross jowled face.--- The house detective's small narrow eyes looked her up and down scornfully from his fat face with a heavy jowl.

2) Pretty neat set-up you folks got.--- This is a pretty nice room that you have got.

3) The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.--- The fat body shook in a chuckle because the man was enjoying the fact that he could afford to do whatever he liked and also he was appreciating the fact that the Duchess knew why he had come.

4) He lowered the level of his incongruous falsetto voice.--- He had an unnaturally high-pitched voice. now, he lowered the pitch. When he spoke

5) The words spat forth with sudden savagery, all pretense of blandness gone.--- Ogilvie spat out the words, throwing away his politeness. pretended

6) The Duchess of Corydon – three centuries and a half of in-bred arrogance behind her -- did not yield easily.--- The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from parents of noble families with a history of three centuries and a half. She wouldn't give up easily.

7) \"It is no go, old girl. I'm afraid. It was a good try.\" ---It's no use. What you did just now was a good attempt at trying to save the situation.

8) \"That's more like it,\" Ogilvie said. He lit the fresh cigar, \"Now we're getting somewhere.\"--- \"That's more acceptable,\" Ogilvie said. He lit another cigar, \"Now we're making some progress. \"

9) his eyes sardonically on the Duchess as if challenging her objection.--- ..he looked at the Duchess sardonically as if he wanted to see if she dared to object to his smoking.

10) The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly.--- The house detective made noises with his tongue to show his disapproval.

Lesson 7

1) The microelectronic revolution promises to ease, enhance and simplify life in ways undreamed of even by the utopians.--- The breakthrough in microelectronics will change people's lives in ways no one has ever thought of before.

2) The custom-made object, now restricted to the rich, will be within everyone's reach.--- Although at present only the rich man can afford custom made goods，the average person will be able to afford them in the future．

3) The computer might appear to be a dehumanizing factor, but the opposite is in fact true.--- The computer might appear to make human beings machinelike，but it can bring some human qualities into our lives as well．

4) In no area of American life is personal service so precious as in medical care.--- Personal service in medical care is regarded as the most important part of the American life．

5) The widest benefits of the electronic revolution will accrue to the young.--- It is the young Americans who will gain most of the advantages from the electronic revolution．

6) For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of the computer revolution are still around the bend of a silicon circuit--- Right now，millions of American computer users are not able to make full use of the computer．

LESSON 8

1) Where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven.--- He imagined that the machine could record informal communication between

departments in a company but other people thought it could be used to record music.

2) With so much big money and so many big dreams pinned to an idea that is still largely on the drawing boards, there's no limit to the hype.--- Since large sums of money have been spent on an idea which is mainly in the planning stage, since great hopes have been put on such an idea, there certainly is a lot of exaggerated publicity.

3) Say you shoot a viden that you think is particularly artsy.--- For example, you film a video which you think has special artistic pretensions.

4) Even the truest believers have a hard time when it comes to nailing down specifics.--- \"even for those who firmly believe in this ,it is difficult to work out the details of how it will actually function.

5) Another electronic library filled with realistic video versions of arcade shoot-em-ups.--- another electronic Library which has a large number of video tapes with recordings of the actual shootings and killings available in video game shops

6) Just one step past passive viewing, pure couch-potato mode.--- It is just one step beyond passive viewing. It is still the traditional form of sitting on the couch watching.

7) ordering pay-for-view movies and running up their credit card bills on the Home Shopping Network.--- ordering films which you will pay for watching and getting bills piled up by doing shopping at home paying with creditcards

8) The shows of the future may be the technological great grandchildren of current CD-ROM titles.--- Future programs may be the technological descendants of today's CD-ROM discs.

9) \"Interactivity\" may be the biggest buzzword of the moment, but \"convergence\" is a close second.--- )\"Interactivity\" for the time being may be the most used word which has little meaning but sounds impressive to outsiders while \"convergence\" follows \"interactivity\" closely in the second place in frequency.

10) Now, politicians, from President Clinton on down, are falling over themselves to proclaim support for the new medium.--- At Present, politicians starting from President Clinton all the way down to lower-level officials are eager and willing to state that they are for the new medium.

11) The solution: fiber optics.--- The solution to the problem is t0 use fiber optics?

12) Bits are bits.--- Digits are digits．Digits are really wonderful?

13) Imagine the conversation: \"Have I got a compatible user for you! \"--- Try to think what the conversation would be like：“I have got a user who will suit you

fine!”

14) Interactivity may widen the gap between the haves and the have-nots, the rich and wired vs. the poor and unplugged.--- Interactivity may widen the gap between those people or nations with relatively much wealth or rich resources and those without．those who have access to the network and those who cannot afford to use the information highway?

LESSON 9

1) A man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race--- a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral weaknesses of mankind

2) Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.--- Mark Twain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then introduce it to the world in his books or lectures.

3) The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied-- a cosmos.--- In his new profession he could meet people of all kinds.

4) Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise--- With no money and a frashated feeling, he accepted a job as reporter with Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City。

5) Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.--- Mark Twain began working hard to became well known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist.

6)\"and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world smiles as usual, and says 'Well, that is California all over--- and when California makes a plan for a new surprise, the solemn people in other states of the U.S. smile as usual, making a comment \"that's typical of California\"

7) Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.---The man who had made the world laugh was himself consumed by bitterness.

LESSON 10

1) We’ll show them a few tricks. ---We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.

2) The case had erupted round my head--- The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently.

3) The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.--- he fundamentalists believe in a word-for-word acceptance of what is said in the Bible.

4) That all animal life... had evolved from a common ancestor--- that all life

had developed gradually from a common original organism

5) \"Let's take this thing to court and test the legality of it.\"--- Let's accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide whether he is breaking the law or not.

6) People from the surrounding hills, mostly fundamentalists, arrived to cheer Bryan against the \"infidel outsiders.\"--- People from the nearby mountains, mostly fundamentalists, came to support Bryan against those professors, scientists, and lawyers who came from the northern big cities and were not fundamentalists.

7) As my father growled, \"That's one hell of a jury!\"--- As my father complained angrily, \"That' s no jury at all. \"

8) He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant.--- He is here because unenlightenment and prejudice are widespread and unchecked.

9) Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related.--- People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.

10) And the crowd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent \"Amens\"--- and the crowd, who were mainly fundamentalists, took his words showing no fear as if they were prayers, interrupting frequently with \"Amen\"

LESSON 11

1) a flagrant example of lexicographic irresponsibility.--- a shameless example of irresponsibility in making the dictionary

2) What underlies all this sound and fury?--- What causes the abuse in the popular press?

3) It cannot be described in terms of any other language, or even in terms of its own past.--- Each language cannot be described according to other language, or even by its own past.

4) All languages are dynamic rather than static--- Every living language is in a process of constant change.

5) Even in so settled a matter as spelling, a dictionary cannot always be absolute.--- Even in spelling, which is so stable and hardly debatable, a dictionary cannot always decide absolutely which is right and which is wrong.

6) But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's--- A dictionary should record the fact without bothering whether it can satisfy the vanity of those who use a dictionary to prove their unyielding position in an argument or help those who bet some money in support of their conviction.

7) Has the dictionary abdicated its responsibility?--- Has the dictionary failed

to do its duty?

8) lexicography, like God, is no respecter of persons--- Lexicography is a science and its judgment, like the judgment of God, cannot be swayed by anybody no matter what high social position he may occupy.

9) And this, too, is complex, subtle, and forever changing.--- And this is also complicated, delicate, and always changing.

10) the editorial charges the Third International with \"pretentious and obscure verbosity\"---The editorial accuses the Third International of being pedantically and confusingly wordy.