大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷383(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷383 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 3. Reading Comprehension

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section C

How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion. Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. What causes fashion to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climate, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats. More American men have followed his example. There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses. At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a nightclub. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either.

1． Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to _____. A．confidence in life B．social relationship

C．success in career D．personal future

正确答案：A

解析：第2段第2句中的they指的就是首句中提到的时尚杂志和电视广告，第2句中的confidence和confidently都表明这些时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚与人的自信联系起来，因此A为本题答案。B、C、D均无原文依据。 知识模块：仔细阅读

2． Kennedy’s example is used to illustrate_____. A．the change in fashion B．a cause of fashion change

C．the celebrities’ influence on economy

D．the application of fashion to more than dress

正确答案：B 解析：第3段首句表明该段说的是推动时尚变化的原因，第2句列举了其中三个原因，最后三句对这些原因进行举例说明，由此可见，肯尼迪总统的例子是为了说明推动时尚变化的其中一个原因，因此应选B。第3段讲的不是时尚的变化趋势，A不正确；C错在economy这个词，此处举肯尼迪总统的例子是为说明名人对“时尚潮流”的影响力，而非对“经济”；虽然该例子提到的是帽子的潮流，但本段并不是为了说明“时尚不仅限于服饰”这个观点，因此D不正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读

3． Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes_____. A．practicality B．efficiency C．informality D．individuality

正确答案：D 解析：第5段第2句和第3句是对该段首句的进一步说明，由这两句可知现在注重的是个人风格，穿衣打扮不再是千篇一律了，D“个人主义”为本题答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读

4． The popularity of jeans and “untidy” look is possibly due to that they _____. A．highlight one’s personality

B．are suitable for various social situations

C．have the advantages of being convenient and practical

D．are not as expensive as clothing produced by top fashion houses

正确答案：D 解析：第5段末句表明顶级服装店的时尚服饰很昂贵，所以人们转而穿牛仔裤和做“邋遢”的装扮，由此可见，本题应选D。其他选项可能根据个人生活经

验说得通，但均在原文中找不到直接依据，故排除。 知识模块：仔细阅读

5． What does the author most probably do with the latest fashion? A．The author may be brave enough to ignore the latest fashion. B．The author may follow the latest fashion most faithfully.

C．The author may take jeans and “untidy” look as the latest fashion. D．The author may find the latest fashion increasingly expensive.

正确答案：A

解析：末段倒数第2句表明作者认为我们大可不必追赶潮流，A最可能是作者对于最新潮流的态度和反应。选项B与作者在末段表达的观点正好相反；作者只是从宏观上对最新潮流发表了看法，而没有指出最新潮流是牛仔裤和“邋遢”的打扮，或者价格昂贵还是便宜这些细节，因此选项C和D均不正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读

People want action on noise, a recent public meeting in Brisbane showed. Some want technical improvements such as quieter air conditioners or better sound barriers around major roads. Others want tougher laws to restrict noise from building sites or to require owners to take responsibility for barking dogs. But the highest priority was a noise complaints system that works. Brisbane City Council receives more complaints about noise than all other problems put together. So it conducted a survey and found that about half its residents are upset by noise in one form or another—traffic, mowers, pool pumps, air conditioners or loud parties. This inspired the Council to bring together more than 100 citizens one evening to talk through a range of options. The meeting found the present regulatory system bizarre. Depending on the problem, responsibility for noise can lie with the Council, the Environment Protection Authority, one of three government departments or even the police. So complainants often feel they are getting the run-round. When the people at the forum were asked to vote for changes, the strongest response was for a 24-hour, noise hotline to be the first port of call for all complaints. The forum also favored regulatory measures, such as tougher minimum standards for noise in appliances like air conditioners. This even makes economic sense, as noise is a waste of energy—and money. Other measures the meeting supported were wider buffer(缓冲)zones around noisy activities and controls to keep heavy traffic away from residential areas. But there are obvious conflicts. Many people like to have a bar within walking distance if they feel like a drink, but they don’t want a noisy pub keeping them awake when they want an early night. Most people want to live near a major road providing good access to other parts of the city, but they don’t want the problem of road noise. I was most interested by the proposals aimed at behavioral change. There was strong support for measures to reduce traffic: better public transport, cycleways and footpaths, even charges for road use. Many people optimistically thought industry awards for better equipment would stimulate the production of quieter appliances. It was even suggested that noise from building sites could be alleviated if Brisbane adopted daylight saving, thus shifting the working day and providing longer, quieter

evenings.

6． In the recent public meeting in Brisbane, people showed greatest dissatisfaction with _____.

A．the technical flaws of the air conditioners B．the poor noise barriers around major roads C．the inefficient system for noise complaints D．the late working time of the building sites

正确答案：C

解析：第1段指出了多个改善噪音问题的做法，其中末句But后的highest priority表明该句中提到的“噪音投诉系统”问题是人们最关注的，也就是感到最不满意和最需要改进的，由此可见，C为本题答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读

7． By saying that the complainants feel that “they are getting the run-round”, the author means _____.

A．the complainants are unfairly treated by the government departments B．the government departments seldom respond to the complaints C．it is inexplicit which department is responsible for the complaints

D．complaints will be treated only after being approved by all three departments

正确答案：C

解析：本题事实上是考查造成人们getting the run-round的原因。第3段第3句开头的so表明该句与第2句密切相关，从第2句可推断，原因是政府机构对噪音问题的权责不清，使人们不知该往哪个部门投诉，C正确。该段首句提到的bizarre和第2句的depending on the problem都表明，由多个不同的部门负责处理不同的噪音问题这种做法不合理，由此可见，本段只关注这种不合理性，并未提到A或B；原文提及3个部门分别负责不同的噪音问题，因此不存在D的情况。 知识模块：仔细阅读

8． Which of the following measures is mentioned as not only beneficial environmentally but also economically?

A．Enforcing stricter noise control on electrical apparatus. B．Prohibiting heavy traffic from entering residential areas. C．Launching a 24-hour noise hotline. D．Increasing the charges for road use.

正确答案：A

解析：第4段第2句中的this指的是首句提出的“为空调等家用电器制定更严格的最低噪音标准”的做法，句中的even表明这种做法不但可以产生环保效益，还可以产生经济效益，A为本题答案。B在第4段末句提及，C在第3段末句提及，D在末段第2句句尾提及，但原文并未表明它们与经济有关系，因此都不正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读

9． What was the author’s attitude towards the industry awards for quieter equipment?

A．Skeptical. B．Disappointed. C．Concerned. D．Optimistic.

正确答案：C 解析：在末段首句，作者指出对一些旨在改变人们行为的提议感到interested，接着举了一些例子，其中包括题干所说的对改善设施的行业实行奖励，由此可见，作者对industry awards也是感兴趣的，C“关心的”与此同义.干扰项D是混淆了作者的态度和其他一些人的态度，属张冠李戴。 知识模块：仔细阅读

10． The passage points out daylight saving could be adopted in order to _____. A．prolong the daytime

B．advance the working time C．shorten the working time D．save time and energy

正确答案：B

解析：thus后的shifting只表明采用夏时制可以改变工作时间，而从采用夏时制的另一个结果“providing longer，quieter evenings”可以推断，其目的是将上班时间提前，这样就可以提早下班而没有改变工作时间的长度，晚上工地不工作，噪音自然就减少了，由此可见，B是对采用夏时制的作用的正确理解。 知识模块：仔细阅读

Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents. If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment? More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I can’t wait to get back to work.” While all work and no play is not good, all play and no work is disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives. The second and perhaps more prevalent reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once you’ve been at a company for five years and have a spouse, a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things aren’t turning out as you’d planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest manacle of all. People resent having to do something because they have no other choice. If you find yourself resenting your job because you can’t afford to quit, it may be time to prepare what one career counselor humorously calls a “cyanide capsule”. He recalls spy movies in which the secret agent has such a capsule hidden somewhere on his body. If he’s captured and tortured unbearably, he has an option. And having an option gives

him the strength to hold on a little longer in the hope that the situation may change. Rather than cyanide, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might also take a weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. You’re not giving up your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship. Being in this position can do wonders for your attitude. It allows you to enjoy your work since, in reality, you are there only because you want to be. At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really aren’t. They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.

11． What do we most likely want during a long vacation, according to the author?

A．To extend the vacation as long as possible. B．To gain a balance between work and play. C．To go back to work as soon as possible. D．To relax completely, free from worry.

正确答案：B

解析：第2段最后三句表明作者认为工作和玩乐应该并行，不能光工作，也不能光玩乐，由此可见，选项B为本题答案。其他选项与作者观点相反，因此都不正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读

12． It is indicated in the passage that most people dislike their jobs because _____.

A．going to work is wasting their time B．they can’t feel fulfilled in their jobs C．they are confined to the jobs tightly D．pay seldom corresponds with work

正确答案：C 解析：原文在首段和第3段分别提到人们不喜欢他们的工作的两个原因，其中第3段提到的第2个原因是more prevalent reason，正是题干所问。由此可见，正确选项应与第2个原因同义，选项C是它的近义替换，为本题答案。选项A是第1个原因，但不符合题干的要求；选项B和D在原文中均未提及。 知识模块：仔细阅读

13． When one considers changing job, the biggest difficulty is______. A．leaving a company and a good boss B．reducing the family burden C．giving up a stable income

D．drawing up a better plan for the future

正确答案：C

解析：第3段倒数第2句表明最大的阻碍是steady paycheck，即放弃稳定的收入，而由上一句的jumping ship可知此处说的是有关换工作的阻碍因素，正符题干要求，因此本题答案为选项C。其他三个选项均未提及，与“最大的”困难无关。 知识模块：仔细阅读

14． The author suggests that, by having a “cyanide capsule” at work, one will _____.

A．find a satisfactory job soon

B．be as brave as the hero in spy movies C．be more tolerant with the present job

D．have the courage to give up the unbearable job

正确答案：C

解析：作者在第4段首句首先提到“cyanide capsule”，然后在第2、3句对此做出了解释，第4句对cyanide capsule的作用做了总结，选项C是对第4句中的hold on a little longer的近义改写，因此为本题答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读

15． You will change your attitude towards your job when _____. A．you are provided with the chance to choose B．you are responsible for your present job C．you get ready your up-to-date resume D．you get what you need from your job

正确答案：A

解析：第5段倒数第2句表明being in this position就能改变一个人的态度，而this position指的是上文提到的”为自己提供一种选择”，这样，在无法忍受的时候还可以有另一个选择，由此可见，选项A为本题答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读

German Chancellor(首相)Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy(遗产)includes many of today’s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion(怜悯)for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world’s first workers’ compensation law in 1884. By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers’ compensation insurance. America’s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers’ compensation law in

this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation. After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers’ compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages. In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states’ average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers’ compensation system, it’s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.

16． The world’s first workers’ compensation law was introduced by Bismarck______.

A．to make industrial production safer B．to speed up the pace of industrialization C．out of religious and political considerations

D．for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement

正确答案：C 解析：文章第1段最后一句提到“一方面是由于对孤立无援的工人出于基督教的怜悯，同时也是为了削弱对社会主义工人运动的支持这一实际的政治目的，德国首相俾斯麦于1884年创立了世界上第一部工人赔偿法”，C概括了这两个目的，即宗教上和政治上的目的，故选C。 知识模块：仔细阅读

17． We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _____.

A．was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidents B．resulted in the development of popular social insurance programs

C．required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace D．met growing resistance from laborers working at machines

正确答案：A

解析：文章第1段第2句提到“19世纪中期，德国和其他一些欧洲国家一样，由于工业化的发展而发生了史无前例的一系列的工人伤亡事故”，故选A。 知识模块：仔细阅读

18． One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that _____.

A．they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of law

B．different states in the U.S. had totally different compensation programs

C．America’s average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living

D．they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident

正确答案：D

解析：文章第2段第2、3句提到“美国受伤工人可以向法庭控告要求赔偿损失，但他们仍需面对一系列棘手的法律障碍。例如：雇员必须证明他们的伤是由于雇主的过失而直接造成的，而他们自己对工厂内潜在的危险一无所知”。由此可知D正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读

19． After 1972 workers’ compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that_____.

A．the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically B．there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims C．the number of workers suing for damages increased D．more money was allocated to their compensation system

正确答案：C

解析：文章最后一段第2句提到“大多数的研究表明，赔偿金每增加10%，提起赔偿诉讼请求的工人就会增加5%”。C与文章所表达的意思一致。 知识模块：仔细阅读

20． The author ends the passage with the implication that_____. A．compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heights

B．the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation system C．people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation system

D．money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economy

正确答案：B 解析：在文章结尾作者提到“由于在工人赔偿体系中所投入的资金越来越多，医生和律师使自己在这不断增大的馅饼中分到一大块也是毫不令人奇怪的”。因此可推断工人并不是唯一能从赔偿体系中受益的人，因此B正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读