【设问形式】
① Which of the following can replace the underlined word... in paragraph...? ② The underlined word“...”means____? ③ The word“...”refers to _____?
④ What do you think the expression“...”stands for? ......
【考查方式】
在高中英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型。这一题型重点考查了学生的猜测能力和判断能力。词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。
1.词义猜测题主要指猜测单词或词义，常用方法：1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。2）根据同位关系进行猜测。3）根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测。4）根据同义词、反义词猜测。5）根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。
2.代词指代题：在解决代词指代类题目时首先要宏观把握，充分把握代词指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义；然后，微观入手，抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系，进而推断代词的指代内容。
3.句意猜测题：解答句意猜测题时要仔细阅读文章，对原句进行语法或语义上的准确分析，结合原文意义对划线句子做出合理的推理和判断。 实战演练 【例题】
1. 词义猜测：2016 全国Ⅰ C
I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been
abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:”Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:”In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me.re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.
29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17 A provider B delivery man
C collector
D medical doctor
30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours? A. He cannot stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long. C. The operation needs that very much. D. The ice won't last any longer.
31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?
A. To London B. To Newark C. To Providence D. To Washington 【答案】29.B 30. D 31.B
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。
29.B 词义猜测题。根据本段内容 I’ve done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B 。
30.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42消失适宜的温度。故选D。
31. B 细节理解题。根据第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女式首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选B。
2. 代词指代：2016 全国Ⅱ C
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.
29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B. To introduce BookCrossing. C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.
30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to? A. The book. B. An adventure.
C.A public place. D. The identification number. 31. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B. Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner. 32. What is the best title for the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books
【答案】29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D
【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，介绍了BookCrossing.com所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过程。
29.B目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨
论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出BookCrossing.com，说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站BookCrossing.com
30.A 代词指代题。根据本句“... hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each
new reader who finds it”可知，那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。故A正确。
31.C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“... the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to
gather dust on a shelf at home”可知，让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BookCrossing.com的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。 32.D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookCrossing.com把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和读过的书联
系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。 3.句意猜测题： 2017 全国Ⅱ D
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and
forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on. 32. What does a plant do when it is under attack? A. It makes noises. C. It stands quietly
B. It gets help from other plants. D. It sends out certain chemicals.
33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can . A. predict natural disasters
B. protect themselves against insects D. help their neighbors when necessary
C. talk to one another intentionally
35.what can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The world is changing faster than ever. B. People have stronger senses than before C. The world is more complex than it seems D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。
32.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据“reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular
smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。
33.A 【解析】词义推测题。根据“Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now
becomes lunch”，一旦它们到达这里，这些攻击者就会受到植物的攻击，故选A。
34.B 【解析】细节理解题，根据“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being
attacked” 及“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away... ”可知答案选B。
35.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world
we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on”可知，这个世界远比我们看到或
听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。
【举一反三】
A
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.” 1. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day? A. To remember the birth of jazz. B. To protect cultural diversity.
C. To encourage people to study music. D. To recognize the value of jazz.
2. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Jazz becoming more accessible. B. The production of jazz growing faster. C. Jazz being less popular with the young. D. The jazz audience becoming larger. 3. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz? A. It will disappear gradually. B. It remains black and white. C. It should keep up with the times. D. It changes every 50 years.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Exploring the Future of Jazz B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz C. The Story of a Jazz Musician D. Celebrating the Jazz Day
【文章大意】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jason Moran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.可知UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。
2. C 推理判断题。根据前文Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that(是Jason Moran的工作是帮助改变那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。
3. C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to
continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same可知Moran认为现在爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。
4. A 标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。
B
There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy (等级) of responsibilities and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends. Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friend: don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying.
While some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be extremely rewarding. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together.
Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. The mother and child relationship is closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship. Daughters should not feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. It isn’t that they don’t care deeply about their mothers. It’s just that they shouldn’t be burdened with their mother’s well-being.
The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. Mothers always “trump (胜过)” friends.
5. What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Differ. C. Benefit.
6. What do we know from the text?
B. Prevent. D. Change.
A. The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend. B. A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.
C. The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friends’ friendship. D. Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother. 7. How does the author mainly prove his statements? A. By listing data. C. By quoting sayings.
8. What is the best title for the text? A. How to Be a Good Mother and Daughter? B. Who Is a Mother’s Best Friend? C. Mothers or Friends?
D. Can a Mother Be a Daughter’s Best Friend? 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，母女之间虽然有许多共同之处，她们的关系也可以很亲密，但不会成为最好的朋友，因为母女关系不同于朋友关系，它独具特点。友谊可以不再，但母女关系，无论好坏，都会永存下去。
5.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段However，the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include the hierarchy(等级)and unconditional love，which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.”可知，母女关系的特性中包含的辈分差别所带来的不同程度的责任、义务以及无条件的爱使得她们不会成为最好的朋友。后一句是对前一句的解释，说明为何母女关系不同于朋友关系。由此可知，画线词“preclude”意为“妨碍”。故选B。
6推理判断题。根据文章最后一段...a relationship that is not replaceable by any other.可知，母女之情是不可替代的，故A项错误；根据第一段最后两句However，the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include the hierarchy(等级)and unconditional love，which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.可知，由于母女关系的特性中包含的辈分差别所带来的不同程度的责任、义务和无条件的爱使得她们不会成为最好的朋友，故B项错误；根据第二段第一句中I love spending time with my mom可知，D项错误；根据第四段第一句Best friends may
B. By giving explanations. D. By making comparisons.
or may not continue to be best friends，but for better or worse，the mother and daughter relationship is permanent...可知，友谊关系可以不再，但母女关系会永远存在下去，即母女关系超越了友谊。故选C。 7推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段是中心段，提出了作者的观点，即母女关系不同于友谊。第二段引用Marina的观点说明这种不同性；第三至五段分别从母女关系中的共性因素、不同责任因素、母爱因素阐明了引起这种不同性的原因。故可以推断出作者主要证明他的陈述是通过解释说明。故选B。
8主旨大意题。根据文章第一段The relationship between a mother and daughter is sometimes confusing. If close, the relationship can be similar to friendship.及全文可知，本文属于议论文，第一段是中心段，提出了作者的观点，即母女关系不同于友谊关系。其余各段分别从不同角度论证了这个观点。故选D。
C
Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.
9. Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?
A. Optimistic. B. Productive. C. Generous. D. Traditional. 10. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be? A. One of his masterworks. B. A successful screen adaptation. C. An artistic creation for the stage. D. One of the best TV programmes.
11. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? A. By popularity. B. By importance. C. By size and shape. D. By time and subject.
12. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. D 12. A
解析：本文主要介绍了最受欢迎的现代艺术家萨尔瓦多-达利的艺术作品在巴黎蓬皮杜艺术中心展览的细节。 9.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.可知达利的作品是多产的。
10.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. 可知The Persistence of Memory是他的杰作之一。 11.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.可知展览是根据时间和主题安排的。
12.A 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. 可以推测出contribution为“艺术作品”之一。
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