界说：定语从句(Attributive Clauses)：由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引诱的从句,其感化是作定语润饰主句的某个名词和代词,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所润饰的先行词后面.被定语从句润饰的词叫先行词,引诱定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词可分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why) 关系词都充当从句的某个成分,它所替代的响应成分应省去.在定语从句中,当who, which, that作主语时,谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致.关系词常有3个感化：①引诱定语从句.②代替先行词.③在定语从句中担当一个成分.
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系慎密,没有它,主句的意思也清晰,是以用逗号离隔.关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法根本一样.
关系代词 That 指代对象 感化 人. 物 主.(宾).表语 主.(宾) 例句 The student that answered the question was John. The book (that) you lent me was interesting. Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. Who 人 主.(宾) A doctor is a person who looks after people's health. The man(who)you met just now is my friend. Whom 人 (宾) The man(whom)you met just now is my friend. Which 物 Mr. Ling is just the boy(whom)I want to see. Whose 定 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 留意一：
1)介词后面的关系词不克不及省略. 2)that前不克不及有介词.
模拟典范,把下列两个简略句合成带有定语从句的复合句.
1. The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句归并为一句.
The boys(the boys are playing football) are from Class One.
(2) 括号中句子里的主语the boys, 和先行词是统一个词,应当
用关系词调换从句中反复的the boys. The boys 在从句中作主语,关系词中能作主语并代表人的是who, that
The boys(who\hat are playing football) are from Class One.
(3) who\hat==the boys, 在定语从句中做主语的成分,并衔接先行词和定语从句.
2. I found the letter. The letter came yesterday.
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句归并为一句. I found The letter( the letter came yesterday).
(2)用关系词调换从句中反复的the letter, 关系词中能作主语并代表物的是which, that
I found The letter(which\hat came yesterday). (3)which\hat==the letter, 在定语从句中做主语的成分,并衔接先行词和定语从句.
3. The man is my friend. You met the man just now
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句归并为一句.The man (you met the man just now) is my friend.
(2)用关系词调换从句中反复的the man, 关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom, that
The man (whom\hat you met just now) is my friend.
(3)whom\hat==the man, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分,并衔接先行词和定语从句.
做宾语的关系词whom\hat 可以省略The man ( you met just now) is my friend.
4. I helped the man. The man’s car was broken.
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句归并为一句. I helped the man (the man’s car was broken).
(2) the man’s 是名词所有格,起到定语的感化润饰 car, 用关系词调换从句中反复的the man, 关系词中能作定语,暗示“谁的”是whose
I helped the man (whose car was broken).
(3) whose=the man’s, 在定语从句中做定语,并衔接先行词和定语从句.
Whose不单可以暗示“谁的”,还可以指物,暗示“什么的”.例如：
I once lived in a house. The roof of the house has fallen in./ The house’s roof has fallen in.
I once lived in a house (the roof of the house has fallen in)/I once lived in a house(the house’s roof has fallen in.) 此句可改为：
I once lived in a house (the roof of which has fallen in)/(whose roof has fallen in).
介词+关系代词可提前,此句还可改为I once lived in a
house (of whichthe roof has fallen in)
5. This news is coming fromthe country.The country is on the other side of the world.
→This news is coming from the country which/that is on the other side of the world.6.The minerals were unusual. We found them in the rocks.
→The minerals which/that we found in the rocks were unusual.
7. This rocket is being built for the satellite.The satellite will be sent into space next year.
→This rocket is being built for the satellite which/that will be sent into space next year.
8. The house is our home. Its door is green/the door of the house is green.→The house whose door is green is our home./ The house the door of which is green is our home./The house of which the door is green is our home. 9. I see some trees. The leaves of these trees are white. → I see some trees whose leaves are white. / I see some trees the leaves of which are white./ I see some trees of which the leaves are white.
演习
1.The boy came to see me yesterday. He is Tom's brother. ______________________________________________________________________
2. The machines were connected with wires. The wires were very old .
_______________________________________________________________________ 3.
I
know
the
boy.
You
gave
a
book
to
him. ______________________________________________________________________
4. We had dinner with John. He told us stories about his travels .
____________________________________________________________________
5. Will you please lend me the very book? You bought it last
Sunday. ______________________________________________________________________ 6. The student is our monitor. Our headmaster praised him at the school
meeting. _____________________________________________________________________
7. He works in a middle school. There is a river in front of the school .
_______________________________________________________________________
8. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
________________________________________________________________________
9. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
_____________________________________________________________________
11. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of
the hill there was a temple.
________________________________________________________________________
12. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
________________________________________________________________________
14. Do you know the doctor? He comes here once a month and examines the workers.
________________________________________________________________________
17. I 've received the book.Father sent it to
me________________________________________________________________________
18.The doctor cured me of fever. He always worked heart and soul .
________________________________________________________________________
20. What's the name of the girl? Her grandpa took part in the Long March.
______________________________________________________________
21.The building is my uncle's house. Its wall is white. _______________________________________________________________
22. That house is mine. The window of the house is blue. _______________________________________________________________
23.The boy was quickly taken to hospital. His legs were badly hurt.
_______________________________________________________ 24.Is the notebook yours? Its cover is green.
_______________________________________________________ 25. I have a pen friend. His father is a policeman. _______________________________________________________ 26. We will visit the town. I have heard of its name. _______________________________________________________
27. The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his company.
_______________________________________________________ 28.The lady is very pleased .You found her purse . _______________________________________________________ 把下列含有定语从句的句子拆分成两个简略句.
1.The man who has a positive attitude will succeed.
→The man has a positive attitude.Hewill succeed. 2.The girl who is sitting in the corner is a singer.
→The girl is a singer. The girl is sitting in the corner. 3.The boys(the boys are playing football) are from Class One.
→The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.
4.The man who I saw is called Smith.
_______________________________________________________________
5. Her parents wouldn’t allow her to marry anyone whose
family was poor.
_______________________________________________________________
6.The person (whom) you wish to see has come.
_______________________________________________________________
7.I feel sorry for famous people who live their lives in the glare of publicity.
_______________________________________________________________
8. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan _______________________________________________________________
9.He's not the kind of man who would go back on his words. _______________________________________________________________
10. They first went to a large room that looked like a shop．
_________________________________________________________
______
11. The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned(淹逝世).
_______________________________________________________________
12.People who used horses to pull heavyloads would choose to keep stronger animals.
_______________________________________________________________
13.We write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves.
_______________________________________________________________
14.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peergroup.
_______________________________________________________________
15.The first interactions human had with horses were far different from those today.
_______________________________________________________________
16.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in thedirection from which she had come.
_______________________________________________________________
17.The train ran over and killed a girl and her dog that
were just crossing the road. 关系副词用法：
关系副词 When 指导对象 感化 时光 状语 例句 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you The time when we got together finally came. Where 地点 状语 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down Shanghai is the city where I was born. Why 原因 状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 关系副词（在句中作状语） 关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which（先行词一般是reason）
Where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) When=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
某些在从句中充当时光,地点或原因状语的\"介词+关系词\"构造可以同关系副词when ,where和why 交换.where = in/at + which when=in/on/at/during + which why = for which whose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom 定语从句归并演习
1. I still remember the day. I first came to the school on the day.
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句归并为一句.
I still remember the day (I first came to the school on the day).
(2)反复的词是the day, on the day在从句中充当时光状语的成分,关系词中能作时光状语的词是when.
I still remember the day (when I first came to the school).
(3) when=on the day, 在定语从句中做时光状语,并衔接先行词和定语从句.
2. The house has been pulled down.I lived in the house ten years ago.
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句归并为一句.
The house (I lived in the house ten years ago) has been pulled down.
(2)反复的词是the house, in the house在从句中做地点状语的成分,关系词中能作地点状语的词是where.
The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.
(3) where=in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语,并衔接先行词和定语从句.
3. The reason is not clear. He refused the invitation for the reason.
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句归并为一句.
The reason (he refused the invitation for the reason ) is not clear.
(2)反复的词是the reason, for the reason在从句中做原因状语的成分,关系词中能作原因状语的词是why.
The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear.
(3) why=for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语,并衔接先行词和定语从句.
别的关系副词when, where, why可以改为 ,介词+which, 介词取决于与先行词的搭配. 例如：
1.I still remember the day(when I first came to the school).
== I still remember the day (on which I first came to the school).
2.The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.
==The house (in which I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.
3.The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear. ==The reason (for which he refused the invitation) is not clear.
4. The box is full of bottles. He is standing on the box. > The box on which he is standing is full of bottles.
The box where he is standing is full of bottles.
5. This is the train. We work on the train.
>_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 9. I know the reason. She did it for the reason.
>_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 10. The man is our school master. You shook hands with the man just now. >
_______________________________________________________ 11. The pen is made in Shanghai. She is writing with the pen.
>_______________________________________________________ 12. Shanghai is the city. I was born in the city.
>_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 13. This is the school where I studied a few years ago. >___________________________________________________
____
_______________________________________________________ 14. Let’s go to the concert, where you will find much fun. >_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 15. I still remember the day. I first came to the school on
the
day.>_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 16. Please tell me the reason.You are late for the reason.>_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 17. The reason is not clear. He refused the invitation for the reason.
>_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________
含定语从句的复合句分化成两个句子
1.Dictionary is the only place where success comes before
work.
>_______________________________________________________
2.Defeat is a school where truth always grows strong.
>_______________________________________________________
3.Courage is the ladder where all the other virtues mount.
>_______________________________________________________ 4.America is the country where I was born in the country. >_______________________________________________________ 5. This is the reason why he is leaving now.
>_______________________________________________________ 6.There are thirty students in the class, most of whom are from the city.
_________________________________________________ 7. He is the only person that was present at the time. __________________________________________________
8. Please just tell me anything that you know about the author of the book.
__________________________________________________
9. He is no longer the simpleminded man that he was five years ago.
__________________________________________________
10. They hired two boats in which they came up to the source of the river.
________________________________________________________ 11. It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty.
__________________________________________________
12. I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.
__________________________________________________ 一. 用恰当的关系词填空：
1. We are learning English, _____ is used in many places in the world.
2. Most Americans love Chinese food, ____ is cooked in a different way from western food.
3. This magazine belongs to the teacher ____ teaches us history.
4. Anyone ____ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing.
5. Anyone ____ has a cold should have a good rest.
6. The house _____ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.
7. The medicine _____ he bought is good for your health. 8. He is the only person ______ saw the accident yesterday.
9. Tom is trying to read in the room _____ the others are watching TV.
10. We won’t forget the day _____the hero was killed. 11. The student _____ the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.
12. The newspaper ____ you are reading is two days old. 13. Do you remember the time _______ we got lost in the
park?
14. I’ll never forget the time ____ we spent together in the army camp.
15. They are building a hospital on the street ___ we used to live.
16. The present _____ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.
17. Happiness is one of the things _____ money cannot buy. 18. This is the hospital ______ her mother works.
19. I’ll never forget the day _______ I joined the League.
20. The house ________ was pulled down last week is being rebuilt.
21. The man _______ wife died last year has gone to Japan. 22. Tell me the reason ______ the American lady left. 23. Do you know the boy ______ was praised at the meeting? 24. I know the girl ________ the teacher praised yesterday.
25. Allen is the girl ________ I think will succeed in the test.
26. Everything ____ I know will be taught to the students. 27. This is the best film _____ I have ever seen.
28. The manager walked toward the gate ____ the workers are waiting.
29.You can’t go into this room ____they are having a meeting.
30. I still remember the days _____ we studied together. 31. The picture ____ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.
32. Don’t make the same mistake ______ you did last time. 33. He failed in the exam, ______ surprised us all . 34. He did all ______ was necessary to be done.
35. Her parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
36.Tom, ______parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.
二. 用“介词+关系代词”填空：
1. Have you ever read the book ____ ______ there are many pictures?
2. The man _____ ______he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.
3.The library _____ ___we often borrow books is very large.
4.The gentleman _____ _________ you just spoke is our headmaster.
5. This is the new bicycle _____ ______ I spent five hundred dollars.
6. Here are the table tennis players, some __ _____ are our old friends.
7. The tool _____ _________ he is working is called a spade.
8. China has hundreds of islands, the largest _____ _______ is Taiwan.
9. The school has 2600 students, two thirds ____ ________ are girls.
10.Water is a liquid, the freezing point ______ ______is 0’C.
11. Give me a piece of paper ___ _____ I can write the phone number.
12. The boy built a telescope _____ ______ he could study the skies.
13. The stories about Long March,_______which this is one example,are well written.
14. The speed________which you drive your car mustn’t too high.
15. In the park there are many flowers,the colour _________ which is bright and nice.
16. The little girl is reading a book,_________which there are many pictures.
17. What were the things__________which he was not too sure?
18. They held a meeting,_______which the hospital director made a speech.
19. The book,_________which he paid 6 yuan,is worth
reading.
20. Is this the man________whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?
21. The villagers dug along tunnel__________which they
could go to the fields without beingfound by the Japanese soldiers.
22. Wu Dong,_________whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
23. China has many rivers,________the Changjiang River is the longest.
24. This is the very knife_____I used to cut apples yesterday.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容