一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容选择正确答案。
A
The 2014 FI FA World Cup, the twentieth World Cup football match, was held in Brazil from June 12th, 2014 to July 13th, 2014. Thirty-two teams from different countries brought us sixty-four wonderful games during the World Cup. This is the second time the World Cup is held in this country and the fifth in South America. Thousands of football fans watched the games. A Bite of China（舌尖上的中国）, a mouth-watering documentary TV program featuring delicious Chinese food, has interested a large number of people. The program has become very popular since it was shown on TV. The documentary provides not only Chinese delicious food but also the relationships between people and food. “We made this documentary with our respect and love for food. I hope it will help people learn more about Chinese food as well as Chinese culture.” said the director Mr. Chen. Lu Jialei, a school girl from Hangzhou, China, won the championship of the first Chinese Character Dictation Contest, which made her become famous overnight. Lu is a hard-working girl and always comes top at school. “I like reading and I’m crazy about learning Chinese characters. I enjoy the contest and hope more and more people become interested in learning Chinese characters.” said Lu Jialei after winning the contest. （1）How long did the 2014 FIFA World Cup last?
A. About a week. B. About two weeks C. About a month. D. About two months. （2）Which is NOT true according to the articles?
A. Lu Jialei always gets good grades at school. B. The World Cup has been held in South America twice. C. Many people like watching the TV program A Bite of China.
D. Lu Jialei hopes more people ca n take much interest in Chinese characters. （3）Where may the articles probably come from?
A. A story book. B. A science report. C. A sports magazine. D. The Internet. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】这篇短文给我们介绍了三段不同内容的短文。第一段是关于今年夏天将在巴西举行的足球世界杯；第二段是关于《舌尖上的中国》这个电视节目；第三段是关于第一届汉字听写大赛的冠军卢佳磊。
（1）细节理解题。根据短文的第一段中the twentieth World Cup football match, will be held in Brazil from June 12th, 2014 to July 13th, 2014.可知，第20届世界杯足球赛将于2014年6月12号到7月13号在巴西举行，时间是持续一个月。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据Lu is a hard-working girl and always comes top at school.可知A的说法是对的；根据A Bite of China（舌尖上的中国）, a mouth-watering documentary TV program featuring delicious Chinese food, has interested a large number of people.可知C的说法也符合文意；根据enjoy the contest and hope more and more people become interested in learning Chinese characters可知D也是符合文意的； 根据This is the second time the World Cup is held in this country and the fifth in South America.可知，这是世界杯足球赛第五次在南美洲国家举行，故B不对。选B。
（3）主旨大意题。这篇短文中给我们介绍了三个不同的内容，第一段是关于今年的世界杯足球比赛将在巴西举行；第二个是关于《舌尖上的中国》这个节目；第三个是关于汉字听写大赛的冠军卢佳磊。这样的一篇短文应该来源于网上。故选D。
【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。
2．阅读理解
It's hard to turn down a tasty banana. They taste good and you don't have to wash them before eating them. However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.
One reason for this is climate（气候） change. Scientists at the University of Exeter collected data（数据） from 27 countries and regions that produce 86 percent of the world's bananas. They found that climate change has improved growing conditions in 21 of these countries. In the past 60 years, the average yield（平均产量） has reached 1.37 tons of bananas per hectare（公顷）.
However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries, including India, the world's biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out.
Shouldn't bananas grow more easily if it's hotter outside? In fact, the perfect temperature range for growing bananas is between 24 and 32 C. If temperatures get too high, they will stop growing.
Diseases are another danger to bananas. Unlike other crops, the bananas we grow come from shoot cuttings（茎段） rather than seeds. This means that all banana plants have the same genotype（基因型）. In other words, if a disease is able to kill one plant, it could kill them all. One serious disease is called Panama. Caused by fungus（真菌） in the soil, it spreads easily. It has spread across South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. If one banana plantation（种
植园） suffers from the disease, it will take 30 years until it is able to grow bananas again. Scientists have yet to find a cure for this disease.
（1）What does the underlined word \"this\" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. People's love for bananas. B. The taste of bananas.
C. The convenience of eating bananas. D. The future disappearance of bananas. （2）What might happen if temperatures keep going higher? A. More countries will start to grow bananas. B. Bananas will grow better in most countries. C. Bananas will not be able to grow any more. D. Bananas won't be as tasty as before. （3）What does Paragraph 5 tell us?
A. What diseases bananas may suffer from. B. How bananas are grown. C. How diseases can easily kill bananas. D. Which diseases can kill bananas. （4）The passage is written to ________.
A. offer tips for growing bananas B. explain why bananas may die out C. show the difficulties of growing bananas D. describe bananas' growing conditions 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了香蕉可能消失的原因。
（1）推断题。根据前句However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.可知介绍了香蕉可能消失的原因，所以this代指香蕉消失，故选D。
（2）细节题。根据However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries, including India, the world's biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out可知温度持续上升，香蕉将更少，最终可能消失，即不能生长，故选C。
（3）细节题。根据Diseases are another danger to bananas.可知疾病是香蕉的另一个危险，即疾病是怎样杀死香蕉的，故选C。
（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了香蕉可能消失的原因，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
3．阅读理解
Everybody hates rats. But rats may soon be man's new good friends. What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat's brain
gives a signal. This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat's brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.
Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Robots' noses don't work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that. Rats can also see in the dark, they are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don't need electricity!
The \"rat project\" is not finished. But a scientist says, \"It would be great. A rat could get into any place we couldn't get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe.\" Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building （but only after an earthquake, of course）.
（1）Where do you think you can find this passage? A. In a magazine about toys. B. In a history book. C. In a newspaper about science. D. In an advertisement. （2）Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Rats don't need electricity. B. Rats are better than robots when smelling. C. Rats are as clever as radios. D. Rats can see things in the dark when doing rescues. （3）Why does the \"rat project\" sound great according to the passage?
A. Because rats can get into very small spaces. B. Because rats have better noses than dogs. C. Because rats don't like robots. D. Because rats are brave. （4）Which is the best title of this passage?
A. Ways of saving people B. Rats C. Earthquakes D. Rats for rescue 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】主要讲了老鼠是怎样营救人的。
（1）推断题。根据全文可知主要讲了老鼠救人，所以可以在关于科学的报纸上发现，故选C。
（2）细节题。根据This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.可知信号被发送给收音机，而没有说老鼠和收音机一样聪明，故选C。 （3）细节题。根据\"It would be great. A rat could get into any place we couldn't get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe.\"可知是因为老鼠可以去非常小的地方，故选A。 （4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了老鼠是怎样营救人的。故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
4．阅读理解
Some parents are always comparing their children with themselves when they were young, or
with other people when they were children.
\"When I was your age,\" a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, \"I was at the top of my class every year. And I knew what I wanted to do when I left school. I had goals. You are always at the bottom of your class, and you have no goals.\"
The man's son said nothing. He had heard this from his father many times.
\"And when your mother was your age,\" the boy's father went on, \"she had a good job and she was earning money. You don't even have a part-time job. You earn nothing.\" The man's son still said nothing. He had heard this before, too.
\"And when your older brother was your age,\" the boy's father went on, \"he studied hard. You just waste your time.\"
And the man's son still said nothing.
Finally, the boy's father said, \"And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, he worked all day and studied at night.\"
This time the son could not stay silent.
\"And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, Father,\" he said, \"he was the President of the United States. What are you?\" His father had no answer to this.
（1）The father compared his son with the following people EXCEPT ________. A. himself B. the boy's brother C. Abraham Lincoln D. the boy's classmates （2）How did the boy probably feel?
A. Happy. B. Afraid. C. Angry. D. Surprised. （3）What can we infer from the passage?
A. Some parents like comparing their children with other children. B. The boy's father studied very well when he was young. C. The boy was the youngest child in his family.
D. The father wanted his son to become President of the USA （4）What is the passage mainly about?
A. A happy family on vacation. B. A father complaining about his son. C. A son lying to his father. D. Abraham Lincoln as a child. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了一个抱怨自己儿子的爸爸。
（1）细节题。根据\"When I was your age,\" a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, \"I was at the top of my class every year.可知爸爸把儿子和自己比较；根据\"And when your older brother was your age,\" the boy's father went on, \"he studied hard. You just waste your time.\"可知爸爸把儿子和男孩的哥哥比较；根据Finally, the boy's father said, \"And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, he worked all day and studied at night.\"可知爸爸把儿子和 Abraham Lincoln比较，没有把儿子和同学比较，故选D。
（2）推断题。根据全文可知爸爸一直抱怨儿子，把儿子和他人比较，所以儿子是生气
的，即angry，故选C。
（3）细节题。根据\"When I was your age,\" a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, \"I was at the top of my class every year.可知爸爸小时候在班级里是好学生，即学习好，故选B。
（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了一个抱怨儿子的爸爸，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
5．阅读理解
An eighty-year-old couple were having trouble with their memories. One day, they decided to see a doctor. The doctor told them that there was nothing serious, but he suggested that they should start writing things down to help them remember things. The couple thanked the doctor and left.
Later that night while watching TV, the old man got up from his chair and his wife asked, \"Where are you going?\" \"To the kitchen.\" \"Will you get me an ice cream?\" asked the wife. \"Sure.\" Then his wife asked him to write it down. \"No, I can remember that,\" replied the husband. \"Well, I also want some strawberries and cream on top. You'd better write it down, or you will forget that,\" said the wife. \"No, I can remember that,\" the husband got a little unhappy and went into the kitchen.
After about 20 minutes, the husband returned with a plate of fish. The wife laughed, \"Haha! Your bad memory! I wanted some bread with cream.\" （1）How old was the wife?
A. Eight. B. Eighteen. C. Eighty. D. Eighties. （2）Why did the couple go to the doctor?
A. Because they had a headache. B. Because they had bad memories. C. Because the doctor was their son. D. Because the old man was ill. （3）What did the husband give to the wife?
A. An ice cream. B. Some strawberries and cream. C. Some bread with cream. D. Some fish. （4）What did the wife really want？
A. Some bread with cream. B. An ice cream with some strawberries and cream. C. A plate of fish. D. Some strawberries and cream. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：一对老夫妇记忆力出现了问题，去看医生，医生说没有什么大碍，然他们把想做的事记下来便于他们记忆，一天骑在让丈夫拿东西，妻子让他记下来，他说他记住了，可是拿来的不是妻子想要的。
（1）细节理解题，根据 An eighty-year-old couple were having trouble with their memories. 可知他们已经八十了，故答案是C。
（2）细节理解题，根据 An eighty-year-old couple were having trouble with their memories. 可知他们去看医生是因为他们的记忆出现了问题，故答案是B。
（3）细节理解题，根据 After about 20 minutes, the husband returned with a plate of fish. 可知，丈夫给他妻子拿来的是鱼，故答案是D。
（4）细节理解题，根据 Will you get me an ice cream?\" I also want some strawberries and cream on top. 可知吗，妻子要的是带有草莓和奶油的冰淇淋，故答案是B。 【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题，细节理解题比较简单，一般可以直接在文中找到答案。
6．阅读理解
Great changes have taken place in family life because of science and industry（工业）. In the past, when most Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Usually, uncles and aunts lived nearby. But when industry became more important than agriculture in American life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and move again whenever necessary. And large families cannot move from place to place as smaller families. So, at present people tend to have smaller families.
In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The typical family may remain childless and consist only of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take raising children as their chief work. At the same time they may also raise other people's children, leaving those families free to move from job to job.
（1）Which of the following topics is discussed in the passage? A. The development of science and industry in America. B. The influence of science and industry on American families. C. Harmful effect of industrialization.
D. Social problems resulting from the highly-developed science and industry in America. （2）What kinds of families are described in the passage?
A. Families of the past and the present. B. Families of the present and the future. C. Families of the past and the future. D. Families of the past, the present and the future. （3）What is one of the reasons that families are getting smaller in America? A. Children tend to leave their parents and grandparents when they grow up. B. People stop caring for children.
C. The need for workers who are able to move at any time has been increasing. D. Both old and young people prefer to live by themselves. （4）What can you infer from the passage?
A. Science and industry have caused thousands of families to split（破裂）. B. Children do not live with their parents or grandparents.
C. Large families can hardly survive in modern society. D. Americans are very choosy about their jobs. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）C （4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：由于工业的发展，家庭也受到了影响，原来的家庭孩子多，而现在的家庭孩子少，由于工业的发展家庭会总是搬动，有的家庭只有一个孩子或者没有孩子。
（1）细节理解题，根据 Great changes have taken place in family life because of science and industry（工业）. 可知家庭受到了科学和工业发展的影响，故答案是B。 （2）细节理解题，根据文章内容可知，短文涉及到了过去的家庭，现在的家庭和将来的家庭，故答案是D。
（3）细节理解题，根据In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. 可知对于工人们能够随时搬动的需求，所以家庭变得原来越小，故答案是C。
（4）逻辑推理题，根据文章内容可知，工人们可能会随时要搬家，大的家庭就没有这样的便捷，所以大家庭就不适于生存在现代的社会，故答案是C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和逻辑推理题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，由已知内容推出未知的可能的事实。
7．阅读理解
Many years ago, there lived an old man with his three sons, Dharma, Harrison and Keith, in a village. The man worked hard when he was young, so he had the largest farmyard and the most beautiful house in the village. However, his sons were all born to be lazy, which made him disappointed. He was worried that his sons would use up his money and starve to death. One day, the old man came up with a plan. He called his sons and said to them, \"Look, my dear sons. There is lots of hidden gold in the land at the farmyard. If you work together, you may find it.\"
In a wish to find out the gold, his sons worked hard from the morning to the evening digging and digging all through the land. Three days had passed, but they didn't find what they were looking for. They got frustrated and angry. They decided to give up and returned to ask their father.
\"There is no gold in the land. We are cheated.\"
\"Since the land has been dug soft, why don't you plant some crops there?\" was the reply of the father to the sons.
Off went the sons. Soon the whole once useless land was rich crops. \"This is the real gold, my sons,\" said the proud father. （1）What do we know about the old man?
A. He was the richest in his village. B. He was unable to feed his family.
C. He loved daughters more than sons. D. He was quite successful as a farmer. （2）Why did the old man ask his sons to dig the land? A. He was too old to do it himself. B. He didn't have money.
C. He decided to teach his sons an important lesson. D. He didn't want other people to set foot on his land. （3）Why did his sons agree to dig the land?
A. They wanted to help their father. B. They wanted to grow their own crops. C. They didn't want to be lazy any more. D. They wanted to find the hidden gold. （4）What can we learn from the end of the story? A. The old man had achieved his goal. B. The three sons were still as lazy as before. C. The sons were quite angry with their father. D. The old man was still worried about his sons. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）D （4）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意；从前有一个老人，有三个儿子，但是三个儿子都很懒惰，于是老人想了一个办法，告诉他的儿子，他们地里埋藏着财宝，于是儿子们就翻遍了左右的地，但是啥也没有找到。老人在翻过的地上种上庄稼，说这才是真正的珍宝。
（1）细节理解题，根据文章内容 The man worked hard when he was young, so he had the largest farmyard and the most beautiful house in the village. 可知老人是一个成功的农民，故答案是D。
（2）逻辑推理题，根据 This is the real gold, my sons,\" 可知，老人这样做的目的是为了给孩子们上一课 ， 故答案是C。
（3）细节理解题，根据 In a wish to find out the gold, his sons worked hard from the morning to the evening digging and digging all through the land. 可知，儿子们为了找到金子而使劲地挖地，故答案是D。
（4）逻辑推理题，根据文章内容可知，儿子们把地翻好了，他能种庄稼了，所以他的目的也就达到了，故答案是A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和逻辑推理题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，有已知内容推出未知的可能的事实。
8．阅读理解
This year the US will honour（纪念）one of the country's most famous writers-Mark Twain（1835-1910）.Most readers know that his real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, but how many know where the pen name \"Mark Twain\" came from?
The answer shows Clemens' colourful early life before he became a writer. \"Mark Twain\" was the cry shouted on a ship when the ship entered a part of a river that was two fathoms（6 feet）
deep. \"Twain\" is an old-fashioned way of saying \"two\". Twain trained as a ship pilot on the Mississippi river for two years, a time that he wrote about in the humorous Life on the Mississippi（1883）.
The famous river would become an important theme in many of his works-who could forget the journey of Huck and Jim along it in his most famous book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn（1884）.
With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories. Whenever possible, he would go to public libraries. There he spent much time reading and thinking, which greatly helped him with his writing.
On the other hand, his life experiences gave him wonderful material to write about and attract readers. Twain wrote in a style that has been called \"local colour\" because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.
The gift is very clear in the two books for which Twain is still celebrated today: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer（1876） and its follow-up The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which many people call \"The Great American Novel\".
The most amazing invention in his book is the voice of Huck himself. Huck did not enjoy schooling. It shows in the way he uses language, in a spoken style. Only a master like Twain could copy the way a young southern boy talked so well.
（1）What does the underlined word \"gift\" mean in the passage?
A. Twain's talent for self-teaching. B. Twain's \"local colour\" writing style. C. Twain's good sense of humour. D. Twain's experiences as a ship pilot.
（2）According to the passage, what is the best part of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? A. The deep social meaning. B. The exciting life experiences. C. The special way that Huck talks. D. The nice view of the Mississippi.
（3）Which is the most suitable place in the passage for the sentence, \"Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect.\"?
A. At the beginning of Paragraph 2. B. At the beginning of Paragraph 3. C. At the beginning of Paragraph 4. D. At the beginning of Paragraph 5. （4）What is the passage mainly about？ A. Mark Twain's career as a great writer. B. Mark Twain's interest in describing local life.
C. Mark Twain's achievements in American literature field. D. Mark Twain's life experiences which influenced his writing. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）C （4）D
【解析】【分析】主要讲了著名的作家之一——马克吐温的笔名的来历及他的生活经历给了他写作的极好的素材。
（1）推断题。根据Twain wrote in a style that has been called \"local colour\" because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.可知吐温以一种被称为“地方色彩”的风格写
作，因为它显示了对当地人及其风俗习惯的深刻了解，所以gift指的是吐温的被称为“地方色彩”的风格写作，故选B。
（2）细节题。根据The most amazing invention in his book is the voice of Huck himself.他书中最惊人的发明是哈克自己的声音，故选C。
（3）细节题。根据With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories.可知马克吐温学历低，并不是来自你期望的作家背景，故选C。
（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了著名的作家之一——马克吐温的笔名的来历及他的生活经历给了他写作的极好的素材。故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
9．阅读理解
Will it matter if you don't take your breakfast？A short time ago, a test was given in the United States. People of different ages, from 12 to 83, were asked to have a test. During the test, these people were given all kinds of breakfast, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted to see how. Well their bodies worked when they had eaten different kinds of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats right breakfasts, he or she will work better than the person who has no breakfast. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he or she will learn more quickly and listen more carefully.
The result is opposite to what some people think. Having no breakfast will not help you lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch. They will gain weight instead of losing it. You will lose more weight if you reduce your other meals. （1）During the test, the people were given .
A. no breakfast at all B. different foods or nothing C. too much food D. little food for breakfast （2）The results show that . A. breakfast has a great effect on work and studies B. breakfast has little to do with a person's work
C. a person will work better if he or she only has fruit and milk D. girl students should have little for breakfast
（3）According to the passage, some people think that if you don't have breakfast you will .
A. be healthier B. work better C. lose weight D. lose your way （4）The underlined word \"reduce\" in the last sentence means\" \"in Chinese. A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 放弃 D. 享用 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文中通过一个调查，讲述了吃早饭对人们工作、身体状况的影响，以及合理吃早饭的好处。
（1）细节理解题。根据 During the test, these people were given all kinds of breakfast, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. 可知参加测试的人有时吃丰富的早饭，有时不吃早饭。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据 文中第二段The results show that if a person eats right breakfasts, he or she will work better than the person who has no breakfast. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he or she will learn more quickly and listen more carefully. 可知吃不吃早餐对人们的学习和工作影响很大，对身体状况影响也非常大，故选A。
（3）细节理解题。 根据第三段The result is opposite to what some people think. Having no breakfast will not help you lose weight. 可知一些人认为不吃早饭能减肥，故选C。 （4）词意猜测题。根据 lose more weight ，可知是减重，根据常识可知减重需要减少饭量，因此 reduce 的意思是减少，故选B。
【点评】本题考查阅读理解，考查了细节理解题和词意猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
Bob was only seven years old. One night Bob was at home alone while his parents were out for a party. He had often stayed alone before, so he wasn't afraid. As he waited for his parents to return home, he watched a film on TV. His eyes became heavier and heavier as time passed by. Suddenly Bob's eyes opened wide- what was the sound in the next room? Bob heard the window being opened slowly. For a minute, Bob was so frightened that he could not move, and his body felt like ice. He knew that he couldn't lose his head and began to think of the things he could do.
Again he heard the sound of someone trying to climb into his home through the window. Bob's drums were standing in the corner near the TV. \"Wait, maybe there is something I can do,\" thought Bob. He beat his drums as hard as he could. The sound was so terrible that Bob surprised even himself. He also surprised the man in the window, who ran away as fast as possible. How clever he was!
（1）What did Bob do when he waited for his parents?
A. He played the drums. B. He watched TV. C. He fell asleep. D. He did nothing. （2）The person who wanted to come into the room might be _________________. A. a friend B. a stranger C. an animal D. a thief （贼） （3）What does the underlined phrase \"lose his head\" mean in Chinese?
A. 冷静 B. 生气 C. 惊慌失措 D. 喜出望外 （4）What did Bob do to make the man run away? A. He turned up the TV. B. He called the police.
C. He beat his drums. D. He asked his parents for help. （5）What do you think of Bob?
A. Foolish. B. Lovely. C. Funny. D. Clever. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）C （4）C （5）D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了Bob用敲鼓的方式吓跑了小偷的故事。
（1）细节题。根据 As he waited for his parents to return home, he watched a film on TV 当他等待父母回家时，他在电视上看了一部电影，可知鲍勃等父母时看了电视 ， 故选B。 （2）推理题。根据 Again he heard the sound of someone trying to climb into his home through the window. 他再次听到有人试图从窗户爬进他家的声音可知， 想进房间的人可能是小偷 ， 故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据 Bob was so frightened that he could not move, and his body felt like ice. 鲍勃吓得动弹不得，他的身体感觉像冰一样，可知 lose his head 是惊慌失措 ， 故选C。
（4）细节题。根据 He beat his drums as hard as he could. The sound was so terrible that Bob surprised even himself. He also surprised the man in the window, who ran away as fast as possible他尽最大努力敲鼓。声音太可怕了，鲍勃甚至连自己都感到惊讶。他还让橱窗里的那个人大吃一惊，那个人跑好 ，可知他敲鼓吓跑了小偷 ， 故选C。 （5）细节题。根据 How clever he was ， 可知鲍勃很聪明，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。
11．阅读理解 Charity Walk in 2017 Sunday 18th June 2017 10:00 am- Register（登记） 10:30 am- -Walk Begins 18th~24th June Venue（场地）: Baddesley Clinton House B930DQ Walk registration fee（ 登记费用）: Adults: $5 （on the day $ 7） Children: $3 （on the day $4） Under 5 years old: free By paying the registration fee you will be able to enter Baddesley Clinton House and grounds for free （normally BRM/DAY $10.45~ $11. 50 for adults and $5. 15~ $5.70 for children） Pets welcome on the walk but they cannot enter the house and gardens. If you are interested in taking part, please call Michael at 0121 788 1143 or email centre@solihullcarers.org. You can also visit our website wrurw.solihullcarers.org to register and pay online. Registered Charity No: 2092613 Email: centre@solihullcarers.org （1）The poster is probably from ______________. A. a website B. a storybook C. a novel D. a game show （2）The walk will begin ______________.
A. on June 19th B. on June 24th C. at 10:00 am D. at 10:30 am （3）If two kids above 5 years old register in advance（提前）, and their mother registers on the day, they will pay ______________.
A. $15 B. $13 C. $11 D. $7 （4）After registration, a kid should pay ______________ to enter Baddesley Clinton House and grounds.
A. nothing B. $5. 15 C. $5.70 D. $10.45 （5）From the poster, we can learn the following EXCEPT that ______________. A. the walk is 35km in total B. you can make a call to register
C. pets can enter the house and gardens D. the charity walk is from June 18th to 24th 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）A （5）C
【解析】【分析】主要讲了一些广告信息。
（1）细节题。根据You can also visit our website wrurw.solihullcarers.org to register and pay online.可知海报可能来自网站，故选A。
（2）细节题。根据10:30 am--Walk Begins，可知在上午10点半开始，故选D。
（3）细节题。根据Adults: $5 （on the day $ 7）Children: $3 （on the day $4）可知孩子提前支付是每人3美元，两人用6美元，大人不提前支付，在那天支付是7美元，，所以一共是13美元，故选B。
（4）细节题。根据By paying the registration fee you will be able to enter Baddesley Clinton House and grounds for free可知支付登记费用后，可以免费进入Clinton House and grounds，故选A。
（5）细节题。根据Pets welcome on the walk but they cannot enter the house and gardens.可知宠物不能进入房子和花园，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。
12．阅读理解
Schools in the UK are cutting time spent on PE lessons because of exam pressures. Secondary school teachers said that older teenagers were especially likely to miss out, because the time spent on physical education for 14-16 -year-olds had fallen in the past five years.
Teachers said that increased pressure to produce exam results was leading to children being pulled out of PE lessons. One in three said exam pressures were behind the decline, and they said subjects such as English and Maths had been given more time at the cost of PE.
Almost all of the teachers from the 487 schools said PE should be more valued for its advantages to young people. Mental health experts also warned that cutting down on exercise could increase children's mental health problems. Cal Strode, spokesman for the Mental Health Foundation, said cutting PE time would be \"short-sighted and dangerous\". He said, \"It is worrying to hear that PE is being cut at a time when students are facing problems with stress and anxiety in increasing numbers. There's a close relationship between mental and physical health.\" Tom Madders, director of campaigns at charity Young Minds, said, \"Schools' cutting down on physical education because of exam pressures is worrying. Schools that value health also do better in study, so it makes sense to keep good health, rather than putting children under more pressure.\"
Rising exam stress has been raised as a problem by experts who warn that children are under greater pressure because of a competitive jobs market. Ali Oliver, an expert, said, \"The PE is good for physical and mental health. So cutting down physical education time is depriving young people of these advantages at a time when they need them most.\" （1）What do we know about the text? A. Schools that value health do worse in study. B. Good physical health is good for mental health. C. Many teachers don't realize the importance of PE D. Children in the UK have serious mental problems.
（2）_______ said that Cutting PE time would be \"short-sighted and dangerous\". A. The teachers in the UK. B. Tom Madders C. Cal Strode D. Ali Oliver （3）According to the text, the exam pressure is from ______. A. future work
B. poor mental health C. parents' expectations D. schools' requirements
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The importance of physical education B. Teachers' support of getting more PE time C. The serious problems of education in the UK D. Schools' cutting down PE time for exam pressure 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了学校因为考试的压力减少体育课的时间，以及减少体育课带来的问题。
（1）细节题。根据 Mental health experts also warned that cutting down on exercise could increase children's mental health problems There's a close relationship between mental and physical health.\" 可知身体健康对心理健康有好处。故选B。
（2）细节题。根据 Cal Strode, spokesman for the Mental Health Foundation, said cutting PE time would be \"short-sighted and dangerous\".可知，故选C。
（3）细节题。根据 Rising exam stress has been raised as a problem by experts who warn that children are under greater pressure because of a competitive jobs market.可知考试的压力是来自于竞争激烈的就业市场，故选A。
（4）主旨题。根据文章内容，本文主要介绍了学校因为考试的压力减少体育课的时间，以及减少体育课带来的问题。故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题要注意细节从文中找答案；主旨题需要通读全文了解大意之后找出中心思想。
13．阅读理解
Populations of white-tailed deer（白尾鹿） are growing rapidly in many parts of the United States. As populations grow, food becomes a problem. Many deer die of hunger. Others grow up small and unhealthy. In search of food, hungry deer move closer to where humans live. They eat farm crops, vegetables and even trees. Besides, increased numbers of deer near roads can cause traffic accidents.
People admire the grace and fast speed of deer. Most people don't want these animals to be hungry and ill. Should people take action to control the growing deer populations? Should People Take Direct Action?
Many people think that hunting（打猎） is the best way to control the animal populations. Wildlife managers will see if there's enough food in an area and decide its carrying capacity（容量）. Then hunters with licenses are sent to help control the number of deer. Hunting is usually not allowed in cities or suburbs, however.
Some people have the idea to catch the deer and move them to other places. But this method is expensive and requires finding another place that can accept the deer without breaking the balance of ecosystem（生态系统）.
Scientists are also working to develop chemicals（化学药品） to control the birth rate（率） in deer populations. But this plan works for only one year at a time. Should People Take Indirect Action?
Some suggest bringing in natural enemies of deer, such as wolves, lions and bears, to areas with too many deer. But these animals could also hurt dogs, cats, and even humans. Other communities have built tall fences（篱笆） around areas to keep out the deer. However, this is impossible for farmers. ▲
Some people are against any kind of action. They support leaving the deer alone. Animal populations in an area naturally go up and down over time. Doing nothing means that some deer will die of hunger or illness. But finally, the population will reach a size within the carrying capacity（容量） of the environment. So, let nature go its own way.
（1）According to the passage, increased numbers of deer can bring to people in the area. A. water pollution B. traffic accidents C. serious illnesses D. growing populations （2）Which of the following is the best to fill in the \" ▲ \" in the passage? A. Should People Do Nothing? B. Should People Protect the Deer? C. Should People Take Special Action? D. Should People Drive the Deer Away? （3）The writer most probably agrees that . A. farmers can build fences to keep the deer out B. people should leave the deer alone in the wild C. hunting is the best way to control the deer populations D. it's great to catch the deer and move them to other places （4）The writer organizes this passage by .
A. telling stories B. using numbers C. giving opinions D. describing scenes （场景） 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了美国的白尾鹿数量激增，有人认为应该采用直接的方法控制白尾鹿的数量，而一些人认为需要使用间接的方法控制白尾鹿的数量。
（1）细节题。根据Besides, increased numbers of deer near roads can cause traffic accidents. 可知白尾鹿数量的增加可导致交通事故的发生，故选B。
（2）推理题。根据最后一段的描述可知，主要讲述反对采取措施的人的观点，根据前两部分标题的构成，本部分的标题为“人们应该不管吗”，故选A。
（3）推理题。根据 So, let nature go its own way.可知，作者支持不采取让和措施的方法，故选B。
（4）推理题。作者通过例举打猎， 将鹿的天敌，如狼、狮子和熊引入鹿太多的地区等例
子，可知本文主要是通过列举不同的观点来组织材料的，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
14．阅读理解
One Thursday afternoon, when I was in Grade 9, a new boy came into my classroom. He was short and thin. He walked up to the teacher and told her, very seriously, that he was new. His name was Christian. He sat down, took a look at me, and then looked away. I didn't think he was very nice and I was sure he wasn't the type I would like to become friends with.
During that year, I didn't talk to him much, but he smiled at me when our eyes met, always shyly. He never ate lunch with anybody, and he never talked to anybody but me.
But one day I joined those unkind kids who were making fun of him. We made fun of him though I thought it was wrong.
\"Haven't you got any friends?\" a kid asked Christian, who had walked past us alone, head down. \"No, he hasn't got any friends. He's too stupid and shy,\" I said. Then Christian looked up at me with the saddest dog eyes I had ever seen. I felt very sorry at that moment.
That night, I couldn't sleep because I couldn't get Christian's face out of my mind. In the weeks that followed, he never met my eyes in class and never smiled at me. It was really hard for me to decide to write him a note asking him to forgive （原谅） me. But I thought I should.
The next day in class, I wrote him a note telling him how sorry I felt. About five minutes later, I turned and saw tears in his eyes. \"You will never realize what your apology （道歉） has meant to me, Jimmy,\" he said to me. \"I hope we can become friends.\"
We had lunch together that noon and we had the best talk I had ever had. Over the years at high school, we were close friends.
When I think back, I realize that, if I had not apologized, I would never have known what a lovely person Christian was!
Apologies can really change your life, so never miss the chance to tell somebody you are sorry. （1）From the passage, we know Christian was a ________ boy.
A. tall and fat B. short and shy C. short and active D. lovely and fat （2）Jimmy felt ________ after he made fun of Christian with other unkind kids. A. happy B. interested C. sorry D. bored （3）This passage tells us that ________. A. we should make an apology when we hurt others B. Jimmy's apology was unimportant to Christian C. Christian wasn't lovely in fact D. it is impossible to say sorry to others 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：作者通过他的亲身经历告诉我们当我们伤害了别人我们应该道歉。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段He was short and thin可知他又矮又瘦再根据第二段During that year, I didn't talk to him much, but he smiled at me when our eyes met, always shyly. 可知在那一年我没有和他说太多们话。当我们的目光相遇时，他总是对我害羞地笑笑。可知Christian是个个头不高而且害羞的男孩。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段 I felt very sorry at that moment.可知Jimmly和那些不友好的孩子在嘲笑了Christian之后感到抱歉，故选C。
（3）内容归纳题。根据最后一段Apologies can really chang e your life，so never miss the chance to tell somebody you are sorry.\"道歉真的可以改变你的生活，所以不要错过任何向别人道歉的机会。“可知作者通过他的亲身经历告诉我们当我们伤害了别人我们应该道歉。故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题与主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。
15．阅读理解
Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others Believe that success mostly Comes down to luck. I'm not going to say luck, talent, and Circumstances（境遇）don't Come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are Born with great intelligence, and that's just the reality of how life is.
However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then make it more practical. And, vesides that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10, 000 hours studying and practising. To vecome great at certain things, it'll require even more time, which most people won't put in.
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don't enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you give up before you ever become good at it.
When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there. It's sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were Born with some unusual talent, But thinking that way does you no good, and there's a huge Chance that you're wrong anyway.
No matter what you do, if you want to Become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction（入迷）, and over a long period of time. If you're not willing to put in the time and work, don't expect to receive any rewards. Hard work won't guarantee（保证）you the level of success you may want, But it will guarantee that you will Become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.
（1）Paragraph 1 mainly talks about __________. A. the reasons for success B. the meaning of success C. the standards of success D. the importance of success
（2）The underlined word\" that\" refers to __________. A. putting in more time B. succeeding in life C. Being good at something D. setting a practical goal
（3）Successful people suggest doing what one loves Because __________. A. work makes him feel pain B. he is likely to enjoy his work C. he gives up his work easily D. it takes a lot of time to succeed
（4）What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain that luck or talent leads to success.
B. To tell us that one cannot succeed without time and practice. C. To show us that having a goal is the main reason to success. D. To describe that successful people like to show their great skills. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是介绍 成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气，而是设定一个符合实际的目标，然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力也许无法确保你想要的成功，但是你为之付出的（领域）一定会成为你的优势所在。
（1）主旨题。 第一段主要分析了成功的原因，有人认为是天赋、出身或者运气，但是作者并不完全认同，认为这只是生活的现实而已。故A项， 成功的原因是正确。B项意为“成功的意义”；C项意为“成功的标准”；D项意为“成功的重要性”，均与第一段不相关，故选A。
（2）词义猜测题。根据 to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then make it more practical. And, vesides that, in order to get really good at something 可知that指代setting a practical goal，设定一个实际的目标 ，故选D。
（3）推理题。根据 This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don't enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you give up before you ever become good at it. 成功人士建议做自己喜欢的事情，因为他很可能喜欢他的工作，故选B。
（4）推理题。根据本文是介绍 成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气，而是设定一个符合实际的目标，然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力也许无法确保你想要的成功，但
是你为之付出的（领域）一定会成为你的优势所在。可知文章的主要目的是告诉我们没有时间和实践就不会成功，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
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